Developing and Organizing the Presentation

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Developing and Organizing the Presentation

• Chapter 10

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Analyze the Situation

• The Audience
• Who is in your audience?
• How much do they know?
• What do they want to know?
• What size is the group?
• What are your listeners attitudes?

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Analyze Yourself

• 2. The Speaker
• What is your goal?
• How much do you know?
• How do you feel about your topic?

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Analyze the Occasion

• 3. The Occasion
• Where are you giving this speech?
• How much time do you have?
• Why are you giving this speech?

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The Central Idea

• Central idea a single sentence that summarizes
  your message.
• Everything in your speech should support your
  central idea.
• Its what you want the audience to remember.
• Helps to determine the information in your
  speech.
• Example Michael Dells drive to succeed and
  leadership skills has made him one of the richest
  men in America.

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Guidelines for the Central Idea

• Should be a complete sentence.
• Should be a statement, not a question.
• Should be brief, but not vague.
• Should avoid figurative language.

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Central Idea Statements

• Hollywood as a business.
• The entertainment industry provides jobs and fun
  for many Americans.
• Our new database soars high above those other
  ancient relics.
• Our new database makes business more efficient
  and modern.
• Drug companies make millions of dollars marketing
  drugs to doctors and patients.
• Correct.

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Central Idea Statements

• Is baseball a business?
• Baseball clubs earn millions of dollars on ticket
  sales and merchandizing.
• My hand cleaner is awesome!
• Grease-Be-Gone can get your hands clean while
  also adding moisture to your dry, rough skin.

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Organizing Your Speech

• Introductions and Conclusions

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The Introduction

• Attention Getter
• Central Idea
• Establish Your Credibility
• Preview Your Main Points

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Attention-Getting Suggestions

• Tell a story
• Arouse curiosity
• Cite a quotation
• State an interesting statistic
• Provide a visual aid
• Ask a question
• Rhetorical question to stimulate interest but
  not to elicit a reply
• Overt-Response question designed to get a
  response

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Sample Attention Getter

• What form of entertainment do Americans spend the
  greatest amount of money on?
• Ill give you some hints its not movies, music,
  sports, TV, video games, or theme parks.
• The answer is gambling each year Americans spend
  340 billion, more than all other forms of
  entertainment combined.

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Sample Quotation

• Mark Twain once said, There are two times in
  your life when you should not gamble When you
  cant afford it and when you can.

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Sample Visual Aid
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Central Idea

• The key concept of a speech
• The core message of your speech
• President Dwight Eisenhower is quoted as saying,
  Why give a speech if you dont want the audience
  to take away a key message?
• Example Michael Dells drive to succeed and
  leadership skills has made him one of the richest
  men in America.

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Establishing Your Credibility

• Credibility the degree to which a speaker is
  perceived to be believable, trustworthy, and
  competent
• Helping the audience to know you know what you
  are talking about
• Example I have been interested in learning about
  Michael Dell for many years, so I have read many
  articles and newspapers that talk about his
  background and business.

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Previewing Your Main Points

• Tells the audience what to listen for
• Sets up the structure of your speech
• Helps get everyone on the same page
• Example Today I will tell you more about Dells
  competitive drive and leadership skills.

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What is wrong with this intro?

• What tiny crystal fortified the coffers of many
  ancient empires and laid waste to others? What
  mineral has the power to create and the power to
  destroy? What is good as gold when scarce and
  cheap as dirt when abundant? The answer to all
  of these questions is salt, the spice of life.
  Today I would like to look at the importance of
  salt in history, at how we spice up our lives
  with salt today, and at the role salt will
  probably play in the future.

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Conclusions

• Used to signal the end of the speech
• Summarizes key ideas (main points)
• Reinforces the central idea
• Ends with a clincher quote, dramatic statement,
  refer to the introduction

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Conclusion Guidelines

• Dont drag out the ending
• Dont end weakly
• Dont end with an apology
• Never bring in new main points

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The Body of Your Speech

• Organization

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Organization is KEY!

• A well-organized speech is easier to understand.
• A well-organized speech is easier for the
  audience to remember.
• A well-organized speech is more likely to be
  believed.

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Organization is KEY!!

• Step 1 Create a central idea.
• Michael Dells drive to succeed and leadership
  skills has made him one of the richest men in
  America.

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Organization is KEY!!

• Step 2 Creating main points.
• Main points key ideas used to develop his/her
  central idea.
• Dells love for competition began his climb to
  success.
• Dells leadership style helped him build his
  company into a multi-million dollar empire.

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Organization is KEY!!
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Organizing Main Points

• Since organization is key to effective speaking,
  your main points need to follow a logical
  organizational patter.
• Chronological
• Spatial
• Causal
• Problem-Solution
• Topical

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How are these organized?

• I. Early people did not have money, but used a
  system of exchange based on the barter of goods
  and services.
• II. Coin money was invented in ancient Turkey,
  Chine, and India before the birth of Christ.
• III. Paper money began in China about 600 A.D.
  but did not become popular in the West until the
  1600s.
• IV. Today almost every country has an official
  currency tied to the international rate of
  exchange.

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CHRONOLOGICAL

• I. Early people did not have money, but used a
  system of exchange based on the barter of goods
  and services.
• II. Coin money was invented in ancient Turkey,
  Chine, and India before the birth of Christ.
• III. Paper money began in China about 600 A.D.
  but did not become popular in the West until the
  1600s.
• IV. Today almost every country has an official
  currency tied to the international rate of
  exchange.

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How are these organized?

• I. Genetic engineering is producing new plan
  hybrids that will vastly increase world
  agriculture production.
• II. Genetic engineering is producing
  breakthroughs in medicine that will allow people
  to live healthier lives.
• III. Genetic engineering is producing bacteria
  that will help clean up industrial pollutants.

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TOPICAL

• I. Genetic engineering is producing new plan
  hybrids that will vastly increase world
  agriculture production.
• II. Genetic engineering is producing
  breakthroughs in medicine that will allow people
  to live healthier lives.
• III. Genetic engineering is producing bacteria
  that will help clean up industrial pollutants.

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How are these organized?

• I. There are several causes for the destruction
  of the rain forests in South America.
• II. If the destruction of the rain forests
  continues, the effects will have global impact.

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CAUSAL

• I. There are several causes for the destruction
  of the rain forests in South America.
• II. If the destruction of the rain forests
  continues, the effects will have global impact

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How are these organized?

• I. The top layer of the earth is a rocky skin
  called the crust.
• II. Beneath the crust is a thick layer of rock
  called the mantle.
• III. The next lower section is a mass of melted
  rock called the outer core.
• IV. At the center of the earth is a solid mass
  called the inner core.

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SPATIAL

• I. The top layer of the earth is a rocky skin
  called the crust.
• II. Beneath the crust is a thick layer of rock
  called the mantle.
• III. The next lower section is a mass of melted
  rock called the outer core.
• IV. At the center of the earth is a solid mass
  called the inner core.

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Transitions

• An sentence that links ideas and show the
  relationship between them.
• The glue that holds your speechs organizational
  structure together.
• Three types of transitions
• Internal preview
• Internal summary
• Signposts

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Internal Preview

• Tells the audience what you are about to talk
  about.
• Example First I will tell you how to select a
  good pump for your fish tank.

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Internal Summary

• Restates (summarizes) the main point(s) you just
  talked about.
• Example Now you know a little more about
  selecting a pump for your fish tank.

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Signposts

• Tells where the speaker current is in the speech.
• Words such as First, Second, Next, To begin, and
  In conclusion are signposts.
• Example Lastly I will explain the proper way to
  maintain your fish habitat.

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Transitions Combined!

• Now that we talked about Michael Dells
  competitiveness, next I will discuss his
  leadership style.