PowerPoint Presentation Task Analysis Tools

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Task Analysis Tools
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Review the Basics

• Risk Factors
• Ergonomic Body Divisions

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Risk Factors

• Force
• Frequency
• Posture
• Duration
• Contact Stress
• Environment
• Vibration

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Ergonomic Body Division

• Upper Extremity
• Lower Extremity
• Trunk

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Recognizing a WMSD Problem

• Use OSHA 200/300 logs
• Accident Reports
• Workmans Compensation info
• Employee Surveys
• Visual Cues

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Body Part Discomfort Form and Rating Scale
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What is a Task Analysis Tool

• A narrative, quantitative and/or checklist system
  that provides a standardized evaluation of a
  job/task
• Tools based on biomechanical and physiological
  information compiled and calculated providing a
  relative risk of injury probability
• Can be specific for body region and/or risk
  factors

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Why do we need these tools?

• Provide guidance
• Where to begin corrective actions
• Helps direct efforts toward specific body
  division, risk factors
• Involve employees
• Employees can perform assessments
• Provide a level of measurement
• Shows improvement of tasks
• Baseline data

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How do we use them?

• Two criteria for use
• What are you trying to find out?
• General vs. Specific information
• What limitations must be considered?
• Various tools are only able to assess specific
  body regions

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Types of Analysis Tools

• Checklists
• Easy to use
• Less time consuming
• Minimal training
• Very sensitive One check, task must be
  considered

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Types of Analysis Tools

• Quantitative
• Less sensitive
• More specific training
• Provide a relative risk assessment

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Types of Analysis Tools

• Narrative
• More formal training and experience required
• Provides specific areas for improvement
• Very time consuming

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Checklists

• Washington State Checklist (WISHA)
• NIOSH
• University of Michigan

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WISHA

• Checklist system that identifies caution or
  hazard zone jobs
• Incorporates each of the risk factors including
  vibration and contact stress
• Has separate evaluation for heavy, frequent or
  awkward lifting
• Uses verbal cues to guide user through
  evaluation criteria
• Not generally left or right side independent

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WISHA

• Does address combination of risk factors
• Great first cut ergonomic tool
• Draw Backs
• High sensitivity identify many jobs
• Doesnt separate frequency component by body part

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Using WISHA

• 3 basic sections
• Entire body checklist
• Lifting hazard section
• Vibration hazard analysis
• Entire body checklist
• Identify if a particular hazard exist as a result
  of a risk factor for a body part
• If a hazard exists then corrective action is
  needed

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Using WISHA

• Lifting hazard analysis
• Calculated weight limit is adjusted by
• Compares the actual weight lifted to a calculated
  weight limit
• Actual weight lifted gt Weight limit Hazard
  exists

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Using WISHA

• Vibration hazard analysis
• Compares the time an employee uses the machine to
  a pre-measured vibration value
• Plot time vs. vibration data on graph
• Intersection point indicates degree of hazard
• Vibration data www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo

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Quantitative Tools

• Job Strain Index
• Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
• ACGIH Threshold Limit Value HAL
• Rapid Entire Body Assessment
• Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis
• Snook Push/Pull Hazard Tables

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Job Strain Index

• Only evaluates hand, wrist and elbow (distal
  upper extremity)
• Assess task based on posture, frequency and
  force
• FORCE driven
• Doesnt consider vibration or contact stress
• Index based on a relative risk (1-1053)
• 7 considered hazardous

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Job Strain Index

• Can assess right and left sides independently as
  well as worst case
• Used in meat packing, small part assembly,
  keyboarding and other highly repetitive hand
  motions

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Strain Index Elements

• Intensity of exertions (force)
• Duration of Exertion ( cycle)
• Efforts per minute
• Hand/wrist posture
• Speed of work
• Duration of task per day

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Using the Job Strain Index

• Assign a value for each of the 6 elements
• Multiply each element strain index
• Compare calculated value to decision threshold
  provided
• Decision Threshold
• lt3 safe
• 3-5 uncertain
• 5-7 some risk
• gt7 hazardous

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JHA/Work Methods
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JHA/Work Methods

• Videotaping Tips
• Announce the name of the job on the tape
• Tape 5 to 10 minutes for each task
• At least 3-4 cycles
• Start with whole body shots and then zoom in on
  problems areas
• Try different angles to get the best shot

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JHA/Work Methods

• Step 1 Breaking The Job Down
• List each step in order of occurrence
• Be sure to record enough information
• Can use Gilbreths terms to describe steps
• Can use video or photos

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JHA/Work Methods
Gilbreths Table of Work Elements

• Search
• Select
• Grasp
• Reach
• Move
• Hold
• Position
• Inspect

• Assemble
• Disassemble
• Use
• Unavoidable Delay
• Avoidable Delay
• Plan
• Rest to overcome fatigue

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JHA/Work Methods

• Step 2 Identify the Hazards
• Look for Risk Factors in each job
• Repeat the job observation until all hazards
  identified
• Video and photos can be especially helpful
• Consider abnormal activities and conditions

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JHA/Work Methods

• Step 3 New Procedure or Protection
• Can the job be performed in another way?
• Can you make physical changes to the job?
• Does the job have to be performed? Can it be
  done less often?

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What does the worker need to know from this
presentation?