NS310

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Underway Replenishment
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Objectives
1. List and explain the function of the
replenishment ships currently in use by the U.S.
Navy. 3. Describe the basic UNREP principles
and procedures.
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Objectives
5. Describe safety precautions to be taken
during an UNREP. 6. Explain the use of PREP
during breakaway 7. List the advantages and
disadvantages of VERTREP.
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Introduction
- Underway Replenishment (UNREP) is the broad
term applied to all methods of transferring
fuel, munitions, supplies, and personnel from
one vessel to another while underway. - The
primary aim of an UNREP is the safe delivery
of the maximum amount of cargo and fuel in the
minimum amount of time. - The operation must be
conducted without interfering with the
mission of the force.
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Introduction Using UNREP procedures, a force
can remain at sea and on station indefinitely
- Two types of UNREP a. CONREP - Connected
replenishment, where cargo is transferred between
ships.
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VERTREP

• b. VERTREP - Vertical Replenishment, in which
  cargo is transferred via helicopter

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Replenishment Ships
1. AO - Oiler Carries a complete range of Navy
petroleum products and some fleet freight
and ammunition.
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Replenishment Ships

• 2. AOR - Replenishment Oiler Petroleum
  products plus limited provisions, fleet freight
  and ammunition. - smaller and slower than an
  AOE - similar to a Jumbo-sized oiler.

• 3. AFS - Combat Stores Ship Carries general
  stores, dry stores, and refrigerated stores.

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Replenishment Ships
4. AE - Ammunition Ship Caries ammunition,
bombs, missiles, limited dry cargo capability.
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Replenishment Ships
5. AOE - Fast Combat Support Ship Largest,
fastest, and most powerful auxiliary ships
carries fuel, ammunition and stores.
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Replenishment Ships
6. Military Sealift Command (MSC) Ships -
Former naval auxiliaries now manned with
civilian or civilian / military crews. -
Identified with a T in front of their type
classification and are USNS vice USS also
have blue and gold stripes painted on their
stacks for easy recognition.
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T-AE T-AO
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Shipboard Preparation

• An UNREP Brief is held prior to the event.
• Topics of discussion include
• - Order or sequence of ships going alongside
• for replenishment.
• - Type and number of rigs to be used.
• - Logistic requirements of each ship

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Shipboard Preparation
- Safety brief
- All equipment is prepared and checked. - Once
the UNREP detail is manned, another safety
brief is held on station.
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UNREP Principles and Procedures

• Delivery Ship
• Normally the Control ship
• Designated guide maintains steady course and
  speed
• Provides the replenishment rig

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UNREP Principles and Procedures

• Receiving Ship

• Normally the Approach ship
• Maintains station on the control ship
• Provides the distance line

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UNREP Principles and Procedures

• Romeo Corpen / Speed

• Naval terminology for replenishment
• course and speed
• Considerations for selection include
• sea conditions, wind direction and
• velocity

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• Waiting station
• 300-500 yards astern
• Compare gyros/engine rpms
• Use ROMEO flag signals accordingly

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Approach Adjust course and speed to take station
150 feet off to the side of the Control Ship.
150 feet
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The approach is the most critical phase
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• Alongside
• Find a "range" on the other vessel in order to
  gauge relative position fore/aft.

• Use Distance line to determine range between
  vessels.
• Order small course and speed changes to maintain
  relative position.

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• Breakaway
• Increase speed.
• Order small course changes away until well clear.
• Never cross the bow of the Control Ship.

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USE OF FLAG
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Use of the flag ROMEO (Control Ship) ROMEO is
placed at the dip on side with the rig. Meaning
I am steady on ROMEO course speed and
preparing to receive you alongside.
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Use of the flag ROMEO (Approach Ship) ROMEO is
placed at the dip on side where rig is
expected. Meaning I am ready to come alongside.
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Use of the flag ROMEO (Control Ship) ROMEO is
closed up. Meaning I am ready to receive you
alongside.
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Use of the flag ROMEO (Approach Ship) ROMEO is
closed up. Meaning I am commencing my approach.
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Use of the flag ROMEO (Control Ship Approach
ship) ROMEO is hauled down when the first
messenger line is across.
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USE OF FLAG
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Use of the flag PREP (Receiving Ship only) PREP
is placed at the dip 15 minutes prior to
anticipated breakaway.
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Use of the flag PREP (Receiving Ship only) PREP
is hauled up when disengaging last station.
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Use of the flag PREP (Receiving Ship only) PREP
is hauled down when the last line is clear.
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T D Line
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T D Line
- Assists the conning officer in monitoring the
distance between ships. - Rectangular colored
cloth markings are spaced 20 feet apart in the
following sequence Green 0 Red
20 Yellow 40 Blue 60
White 80 Green 100
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T D Line
- Generally secured to the delivery ship and
tended by the receiving ship. - An intertwined
sound-powered phone line allows communication
between ships.
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• Distance Line
• Provided by Receiving ship
• Hooked up on Delivery ship at the 0' end
• Tended by Receiving ship

Go Read Your Book With Glasses

• Colored cloth assists Conn in determining
  separation distance
• --Green, Red, Yellow, Blue, White, Green,
  repeat)
• --First green marks A0_at_ position

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Night Replenishment
- Darkened ship transfer stations are lit in
red/ orange low-density lights. Contour lights
assist the receiving ship in coming alongside
and maintaining station. - Romeo signals
passed by flashing light or semaphore. -
Station-marker light box indicates commodity
being transferred at each station.
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Night Replenishment
- T D Line uses chemical lights three blue
lights at 60, 100, and 140 foot markers one red
chem light at all other markers. - Line
handlers life vests are rigged with a green
chem light.
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Use a cluster of three blue chem lights at the
60, 100 and 140 foot markers. Use one red chem
light at all other markers
Delivery Ship
Receiving Ship
Typical Installation
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The Replenishment Station

• 1. Line-throwing Guns and Bolos
• - Used to start over messenger lines
• - Not fired at ships with aircraft on deck
• - Whistle signals
• one blast (del) - ready to send shotline
• two blasts (rec) - Ready to receive lines
• (all topside personnel take cover)
• three blasts (del) - fire shotline

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The Replenishment Station
2. Communications - Carried out via radio
telephone, flashing light, flaghoist,
semaphore, and mega- phone - Sound-powered
phone line for bridge-to- bridge and
station-to-station.
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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - General
• Safety Officer - Supervises all
• evolutions at UNREP station, ensuring
• all safety precautions are followed.
• Life Jackets - Orange, inherently
• buoyant vest-type a whistle and a
• florescent sea marker are normally
• attached

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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - General (cont.)
• Chemlights or Flashlights - Frequently
• worn by all personnel during a night
• UNREP
• Smoking Lamp - Is OUT throughout
• the ship while transferring fuel / ammo

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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - General (cont.)
• Other -
• Line Handlers use hand-over-hand
• method
• Trouser legs are tucked into socks
• all loose articles of clothing are
• secured

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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - General (cont.)
• Other -
• Life buoy watches are stationed all
• station personnel also have a knife to
• cut line if they become tangled

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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - General (cont.)
• All personnel in immediate vicinity
• of UNREP wear color coded helmets

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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - Helmet color
• White - Safety Officer
• Yellow - Rig Captain
• Green - Signal men / phone talkers
• Brown - Winch operator
• Purple - Repair personnel
• Red - Line-throwing gunners

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The Replenishment Station

• 3. Safety
• - Helmet color
• White with red cross - Corpsmen
• Blue - Deck riggers / line handlers
• Orange - Supply Personnel

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Breakaway
Prep pennant - At the dip - 15 minutes prior
to the completion of the UNREP - Closed up -
Disengaging last station. - Hauled down - All
lines clear.
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Breakaway
- When the UNREP is complete, all rigs are
returned in an orderly manner, and all S/P
phone lines are disconnected. - When all lines
are clear, the receiving ship accelerates
moderately and slowly alters course away from the
replenishment ship, which remains on romeo course
/ speed until the receiving ship is well clear.
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Emergency breakaway

• Procedures are exactly the same as a normal
  breakaway, only at an accelerated pace.
• The order for an emergency breakaway
• may be given by either ship as appropriate.

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Emergency breakaway

• Reasons to initiate
• Engineering casualty
• Imminent danger from hostile forces
• Man overboard w/ no lifeguard boat
• Rig parts, major fuel leak

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UNREP Methods
New Terms 1. Inhaul - The whip attached to the
load that, when pulled, moves the load
towards the delivery ship 2. Outhaul - The whip
attached to the load that, when pulled, moves
the load towards the receiving ship
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UNREP Methods
New Terms 3. Highline - Wire rope 7/8 or one
inch in circumference sent from the delivery
ship the mechanism carrying the load will
ride on this line. The highline actually
supports the weight of the load.
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Most Common UNREP Methods
Fueling at Sea (FAS) A. The largest volume of
fuel is transferred by oilers. B. Standard
Tensioned Replenishment Alongside Method
(STREAM)
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Most Common UNREP Methods
STREAM 1. Most preferred method, It requires
elaborate rig. 2. Hose is carried
between 2 ships on a ram-tensioned
spanwire. 3. Ram tensioner adjusts for minor
changes in hull separation.
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Most Common UNREP Methods
STREAM 4. STREAM rig permits ships to open
out between 80 - 200 feet. Additionally,
the high suspension of the hose keeps
it out of the water during high seas.
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Most Common UNREP Methods
Fueling at Sea (FAS) (cont). A. The largest
volume of fuel is transferred by oilers. B.
Standard Tensioned Replenishment Alongside
Method (STREAM) C. Most common is the probe
receiver, modeled after aircraft refueling
equipment.
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Single probe and receiver
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Fuel STREAM, single hose with probe
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Most Common UNREP Methods
Connected Replenishment A. Cargo STREAM most
common and preferred method B. Uses a ram
tensioner on the delivery ship to maintain a
standard tension on the highline. C. The
tensioned highline supports a trolley which
carries the load
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Most Common UNREP Methods
Connected Replenishment D. Inhaul and outhaul
lines are used to move the trolley and the
load between ships.
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Most Common UNREP Methods
Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP) A. Utilizes
helicopters (normally CH-46s) to transport
cargo and personnel from ship to ship.
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Most Common UNREP Methods

• Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP)
• Advantages
• Reduces the total time required to
• replenish a force.
• Reduces the time screening ships are
• off station
• Enhances the replenishment of
• disbursed units

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Most Common UNREP Methods

• Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP)
• Advantages
• Approach, hook-up, and disconnect
• time required to go alongside can be
• eliminated.
• Can be conducted with the receiving
• ship steaming over the horizon in an
• USW screen.

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Most Common UNREP Methods

• Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP)
• Advantages
• Can be conducted while at anchor or
• while conducting NSFS (Naval Surface
• Fire Support)

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Most Common UNREP Methods

• Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP)
• Disadvantages
• Transfer rate is lower than that of
• CONREP for large quantities of cargo.
• Night VERTREP
• Lower delivery rate due to reduced
• visibility, depth perception, and visual
• references for the pilot.

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Most Common UNREP Methods
VERTREP Safety 1. All flight deck personnel wear
a cranial, MK 1 inflatable lifevest, and
goggles. 2. Others may wear hard hats with chin
straps, kapoks, goggles and earplugs. 3. No
loose clothing or hats. 4. Keep visitors away
from the pick-up area. 5. NEVER try to
steady a swinging load.
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Most Common UNREP Methods
VERTREP Safety 6. Keep radio comms to the helo
at a minimum to prevent pilot
distraction. 7. DO NOT create foreign object
damage (FOD) 8. NO flash cameras.
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QUESTIONS ?
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