World Institute of Sustainable Energy

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Overview of RENEWABLES SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES
World Institute of Sustainable Energy 07
February 2009, GERC, Ahmedabad
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RENEWABLES THE BIG BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY

• Peak oil, price volatility of fossil fuels,
  projected depletion
• Renewables changing from non-conventional to
  becoming mainstream
• Reducing prices, Low Risk and Assured Returns
  for renewables, will be cost competitive with
  conventional power in near future
• All large MNCs have entered or are entering
  renewables sector
• Wind Power CAGR 25
• Solar Power CAGR 30-40
• Investment in renewables in 2007 was 100 billion
  (including corporate take overs)
• Increasing venture capital flow into the sector
• Maximum global research funding flowing to
  renewables
• Renewables is and will be even bigger business
  in the future

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RENEWABLES GLOBAL SCENARIO

Renewables represent 5 of global power capacity
3.4 of global power generation.
(Figures exclude large hydropower, which itself
was 15 of global power generation)
71 Billion is investment in power generation.
Total R.E. Investments add upto 100 billion
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RENEWABLES IN INDIA
Industry estimate Assuming only 4 of
Indian desert area of 2,00,000 sq. km
(Guj, Raj)
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Wind Power
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WIND POWER LEADS THE RENEWABLE REVOLUTION IN INDIA

• Wind Power Mainstay of Renewables in India
• Mature Market Technology, various project
  developers in India
• 9645 MW installed capacity in India as on Dec.
  08 5th Largest in the world, Third largest
  annual market after USA China (1800 MW in
  2008)
• Large untapped potential in India 65,000
  100,000 MW
• Technologies Synchronous and Asynchronous
  Generators (with and without gears), New hybrid
  technology to be introduced
• Turbine unit sizes 500 kW to 1.65 MW, may go up
  to 2.0 MW in near future
• Leading States Tamil Nadu 4200 MW, Maharashtra
  1800 MW, Gujarat 1400 MW
• Costs Rs 6-6.5 Cr / MW subject to project
  size, location, technology

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TARIFF / RPS/ GRID ISSUES

• Project costs were going up due to rise in
  material costs, likely to come down because of
  recession, reduced demand
• Coal, Steel and other metal prices increased
  substantially during last two years ( gt 15
  increase)
• Inflation touching 12 , recently dropped to 5
  to 6
• Interest rates going up fast touching to 12-13
• Project viability important, Tariff revision was
  must
• Conventional power projects costs also increased
  during last 2-3 years
• Grid expansion through proper planning is the key
  for future capacity addition
• Global studies shows, NO TECHNICAL LIMITS for
  penetration, 100 renewable grid possible
• Forecasting services available, Need to be
  adopted in India
• BOOK RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY AND THE GRID (2007),
  Earthscan publications
• Higher RPS must be considered

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SOLAR POWER
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TYPES OF SOLAR POWER

• Solar Thermal Power Generation
• Concentrating Type ( CSP)
• - Line Focusing system
• - Parabolic Trough Systems
• - Fresnel Trough Collector
  Systems
• - Point Focusing
• - Dish Stirling Systems / Concentrating Dish
  
• - Solar Tower Plants using central
  Receiver System
• Non- concentrating Type
• Solar Updraft Tower Power Plants Solar Chimney
  
• Solar Pond Power Plants

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A BRIEF LOOK AT CSP AND CPV

• Two emerging breakthrough solar technologies
• Solar thermal electric power generation (CSP)
  Total 430 MW in operation
• Tower (11 MW in Operation in Spain) 03
• Trough (419 MW in Operation in USA)- 97
• Dish (Centralized and Stand Alone)
• Linear Fresnel ( few MW under construction)
• 11000 MW under construction or planned, globally
• Solar Photovoltaics
• Conventional Silicon based (Crystalline and thin
  film)
• Concentrating PV (CPV) The latest to emerge on
  the scene

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CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER (CSP)

• Has the possibility of supplying base and peak
  load due to storage option
• Lower costs than PV/CPV
• Storage options greatly increase Plant Load
  Factor and dispatchable electricity
• Over 11,000 MW CSP in development throughout the
  world
• Bulk of Projects under development in USA /
  Europe
• Feed-in Tariffs announced in few countries
• Eg Spain - 0.27 Euro / kWh for 25 years with
  adjustment for inflation. Re-look at Tariff once
  500 MW installed.
• In India, over 500 MW Thermal Power project
  proposals with MNRE under the new incentive
  scheme.
• Max Rs 10/kWh incentive under MNRE policy
• About Rs 13/kWh as tariff including SERC tariff

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CSP - TOWER TECHNOLOGY
PS 10 , Seville, Spain
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CSP - TROUGH TECHNOLOGY, PROJECTS IN USA, SPAIN
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CSP - DISH TECHNOLOGY (CENTRALIZED AND STAND
ALONE)
Dish-Sterling Engine
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CSP - LINEAR FRESNEL TECHNOLOGY, ALMERIA AND
AUSTRALIA
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11,000 MW OF CSP CURRENTLY UNDER DEVELOPMENT

• USA, Mexico, Spain, Italy, Portugal, France,
  Israel, Egypt, Algeria, Greece, Morocco, SA,
  China, Australia, Iran, UAE
• Conservative projection of global installation
  targets 5000 MW by 2015 and 40000 MW by 2020
• Already crossing the target of 5000 MW set for
  2015

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PROJECTED COST REDUCTION IN CSP

• CSP Electricity Cost as a Function of Cumulative
  Installed Capacity

Huge electricity costs reduction potential in
immediate future
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MNRE / SERC THERMAL INCENTIVE/TARIFF
MNRE has a notional cap of Rs 13/kWh as the
maximum combined revenue inclusive of tariff and
incentive
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SOLAR POWER PV TECHNOLGY Grid connected
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SOALR CELL TECHNOLOGIES
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CONCENTRATING PV (CPV)

• CPV Latest Emerging PV technology
• Uses Space quality solar cell with high
  efficiency and optical lenses for concentration (
  High Concentration Ratios 200-1000)
• Very High Efficiency ( 25-30), higher energy
  output compared to PV ( 12 -15)
• 3 MW sanctioned in Puertallano, Spain by ISFOC.
  Partly commissioned and under construction. First
  CPV project in the world.
• More than 20 MWp production line in Pipe Line
• Also holds promise for cost reductions in the
  very near future.
• (Disadvantage is no possibility of storage)

Optics for concentrating Sunlight, HCPV
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PV- SILICON (CONVENTIONAL) NELLIS SOLAR PLANT 14
MW, NEVADA
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CONCENTRATING PV (LOWCPV AND HIGHCPV)
HCPV Testing
Seville, 1.2 MW LCPV Plant
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COST REDUCTION LEARNING CURVE AND POSSIBILITIES
IN CPV
Energy Costs in AUS /MWh
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WORLDS FIRST CPV INSTALLATIONS, PUERTALLANO,
SPAIN
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MNRE / SERC PV INCENTIVE/TARIFF
MNRE has a notional cap of Rs 15/kWh as the
maximum combined revenue inclusive of tariff and
incentive
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Thanks!