Shengdong Zhao

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Tutorial

• Shengdong Zhao
• http//www.dgp.toronto.edu/sszhao

(some slides are reused/modified from Neil
Ernsts apache tutorial)
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History

• Based on Rob McCools NCSA web server (left to
  start Netscape 1994)
• 1st release (Apache 0.7.x) on April 1995 based on
  NSCA 1.3 server
• Patches created for extensions and bug-fixes
  (Apache A-patchy Server)
• Today 52.65 of all web server (July 07,
  www.netcraft.com)
• 2 streams 1.3.x (very popular) 2.x (current)

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Apache Architecture
http//plg.uwaterloo.ca/aeehassa/cs746/as1/apache
1.htm
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Apache Architecture

• Select module handler at install
• Modules hook into phases in the Core processing
  cycle via API
• Apache talks to clients use HTTP protocol
• Client request GET /index.html
• Apache maps request to a handler or file
• Authenticate
• Return content with headers
• Modules can hook in at any point during the
  protocol

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Headers

• Check out the LiveHTTPHeaders extension for
  Firefox view the entire transaction.
• Headers usually tell the client the status of the
  request, the mime-type of the content returned,
  the length, etc.
• Allows the client to decide what to do.

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• GET / HTTP/1.1
• Host www.yahoo.com
• User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows U Windows NT
  5.1 en-US rv1.8.1.4) Gecko/20070515
  Firefox/2.0.0.4
• Accept text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml
  xml,text/htmlq0.9,text/plainq0.8,image/png,/
  q0.5
• Accept-Language en-us,enq0.5
• Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate
• Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8q0.7,q0.7
• Keep-Alive 300
• Connection keep-alive
• Cookie
• HTTP/1.x 200 OK
• Date Tue, 10 Jul 2007 204716 GMT
• P3P policyref"http//p3p.yahoo.com/w3c/p3p.xml",
  CP"CAO DSP COR CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi
  IVDi CONi TELo OTPi OUR DELi SAMi OTRi UNRi PUBi
  IND PHY ONL UNI PUR FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA
  POL HEA PRE GOV"
• Cache-Control private
• Vary User-Agent
• Set-Cookie FPCMdeleted expiresMon, 10 Jul
  2006 204715 GMT path/
• Set-Cookie
• Connection close

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Modules

• The power of Apache is its modules
• mod_ssl Secure internet transactions
• mod_rewrite redirect agents elsewhere
• mod_perl PERL language interface
• mod_log_config logging
• mod_include filter other modules

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Apache on CDF

• We run instances of the Apache server daemon
  (httpd) using our own config files (no install!)
  version 2.0.52
• 1 course web page student guide Apache
  and follow the instructions
• 2 download the tar file apache.tar.gz
• 3 save it and untar it to a suitable folder,
  e.g. /309/ (tar xvzf apache.tar.gz)
• 4 cd /309/apache/bin ./start.sh ltportnumgt
  This starts the server stop it using ./stop.sh
• 5 verify ps u ltusergt grep httpd
• 6 view lynx http//localhostltportnumgt/

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Directory Structure

• Bin the start and stop programs
• Conf the config file for your server instances
• Cgi-bin put executable scripts here
• Logs error_log is any errors the server gets
  (404, 403), and access_log all accesses the
  server deals with
• htdocs html files
• E.g. see examples in each directory and play
  around

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Configure Apache

• Shouldnt need to change much in the /conf
  directory (mainly httpd.309.conf)
• Can set your DocumentRoot in httpd.conf
• DocumentRoot /where/you/want/to/put/your/docs
• Can set your web admin e-mails
• ServerAdmin you_at_your.address

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Demo
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Work at home

• 1. Install and config Cygwin
• http//www.cdf.toronto.edu/workathome/print.php3?i
  d76
• 2. Double click Cygwin icon to start
• 3. Type startx to start x window
• 4. At the popup xterm, type ssh -X
  youraccount_at_cdf.utoronto.ca to login to your
  account

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FAQs

• Can I run this all at home, on Windows/Mac?
• Sure. Apache even runs on Xbox. However, we mark
  assignments on CDF
• How do I view my server on the internet?
• http//ltXXXwolfgt.cdf.toronto.edultportnumgt
• http//ltlocalmachinegt.cdf.toronto.edultportnumgt
  in the labs
• My start/stop arent working?
• Always start/stop directly in apache/bin to make
  sure paths work properly

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Other references

• The student guide on the course site
• httpd.apache.org (e.g.)
• http//httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/howto/htaccess.ht
  ml
• http//httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/howto/auth.htmlb
  asic
• Refcards.com Apache 1.3 reference card for
  printing (also other useful cards)
  http//refcards.com/docs/forda/apache/apache-refca
  rd-a4.pdf

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.htaccess files

• Use .htaccess files
• These are read per-directory (affect subs) by the
  server and can contain many things
• Security restrictions
• Redirects
• URL rewrites

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.htaccess files sample format

• order allow, deny
• deny from 123.45.6.7
• deny from 012.34.5
• Allow from all
• AuthUserFile /
• user/local/you/safedir/.htpasswd
• AuthGroupFile /dev/null
• AuthName EnterPassword
• AuthType Basic
• Require user wsabstract