Deconstructing Metadata

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Deconstructing Metadata

• Kathryn Lybarger

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What is metadata?

• data about data
• Can be used to
• Identify data
• Interpret or use data
• Search data
• Manage data
• Communicate about your data

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Types of Metadata

• Descriptive Metadata
• Structural Metadata
• Administrative Metadata
• Preservation Metadata
• Rights and Access Metadata

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Examples
This space intentionally left blank.
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What does metadata look like?
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May be same format as data
Header added by Project Gutenberg ?
Ebook submitted ?
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Metadata may have different format
Audio data
Text metadata
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Metadata may have no structure

• "This book I gave to Mary Baxter. After her
  death, I gave it to Mrs. Spruill. After her
  death, to Kate Wilson. She never read it, so on
  a visit to her, I took back for my own reading."

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Metadata may have some structure

• Word processors allow document properties
• File name
• Indicates content
• Indicates format

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Metadata may have rich structure

• Example MARC record
• Allows very detailed searching
• Requires more expertise to create

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XML eXtensible Markup Language

• Many rich metadata formats are encoded as XML
• A schema or DTD specifies rules which a document
  must follow
• Examples XHTML, EAD, TEI, NDNP
• self-describing

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When is metadatacreated?Who creates metadata?
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Where is metadata?
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Metadata may be inside the data

• Physical
• Title page
• Table of contents
• Index
• Digital
• Header information

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• Binary data ?
• Header information
• in an image file
• XML metadata ?

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Metadata can be near the data

• Title and author on the spine of a book
• Associated .txt file with a .wav file
• Alternate data streams (Windows)

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Metadata can be gathered elsewhere

• Card catalog
• Index
• Search engine

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Metadata can be multiple places
microfilm
catalog
box lid
Bee S-50 Earlington, KY
98 1892 negative
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How is metadata different from normal data?

• No clear distinction!
• Metadata is also data
• Metadata can have metadata

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Meta-metadata?
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How much metadata?

• Too little metadata?
• Different objects may have the same metadata
• Too much metadata?
• You may never get started
• Collection may take too long
• Collection may be incomplete

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Example NDNP

• Issue metadata
• Reel metadata
• OCR (ALTO)
• Image file headers
• Preservation metadata (PREMIS)

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NDNP Issue Metadata
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Framework

• ltmetsgt
• lt!--METS HEADER--gt
• ltmetsHdr gt
• lt!--DESCRIPTIVE METADATA--gt
• ltdmdSec ID"issueModsBib"gt
• ltdmdSec ID"pageModsBib1"gt
• lt!--FILE SECTION--gt
• ltfileSecgt
• lt!--STRUCTURAL MAP--gt
• ltstructMap gt
• lt/metsgt

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Descriptive Metadata (Issue)

• ltdmdSec ID"issueModsBib"gt
• ltmdWrap MDTYPE"MODS" LABEL"Issue
  metadata"gt
• ltxmlDatagt
• ltmodsmodsgt
• ltmodsrelatedItem
  type"host"gt
• ltmodsidentifier
  type"lccn"gtsn86069162lt/modsidentifiergt
• ltmodspartgt
• ltmodsdetail
  type"volume"gt
• 
  ltmodsnumbergt28lt/modsnumbergt
• lt/modsdetailgt
• ltmodsdetail
  type"issue"gt
• 
  ltmodsnumbergt32lt/modsnumbergt
• lt/modsdetailgt
• lt/modspartgt
• lt/modsrelatedItemgt
• ltmodsoriginInfogt
• ltmodsdateIssued
  encoding"iso8601"gt1902-01-01lt/modsdateIssuedgt
• lt/modsoriginInfogt
• ltmodsnote type"noteAboutRepr
  oduction"gtPresentlt/modsnotegt

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Descriptive Metadata (Page)

• ltdmdSec ID"pageModsBib1"gt
• ltmdWrap MDTYPE"MODS" LABEL"Page
  metadata"gt
• ltxmlDatagt
• ltmodsmodsgt
• ltmodspartgt
  
• ltmodsextent
  unit"pages"gt
• ltmodsstartgt1lt/modsst
  artgt
• lt/modsextentgt
• lt/modspartgt
• ltmodsrelatedItem
  type"original"gt
• ltmodsphysicalDescriptiongt
  
• ltmodsform
  type"microfilm" /gt
• lt/modsphysicalDescription
  gt
• ltmodsidentifier
  type"reel number"gt0010047928Alt/modsidentifiergt
• ltmodsidentifier
  type"reel sequence number"gt3lt/modsidentifiergt
• ltmodslocationgt
• ltmodsphysicalLocation
  authority"marcorg" displayLabel"University of
  Kentucky, Lexington, KY"gtKyUlt/modsphysicalLocatio
  ngt
• lt/modslocationgt
• lt/modsrelatedItemgt

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File Metadata

• ltfileSecgt
• ltfileGrp ID"pageFileGrp1"gt
• ltfile ID"masterFile1" USE"master"gt
• ltFLocat LOCTYPE"OTHER"
  OTHERLOCTYPE"file" xlinkhref"0007.tif" /gt
• lt/filegt
• ltfile ID"serviceFile1"
  USE"service"gt
• ltFLocat LOCTYPE"OTHER"
  OTHERLOCTYPE"file" xlinkhref"0007.jp2" /gt
• lt/filegt
• ltfile ID"otherDerivativeFile1"
  USE"derivative"gt
• ltFLocat LOCTYPE"OTHER"
  OTHERLOCTYPE"file" xlinkhref"0007.pdf" /gt
• lt/filegt
• ltfile ID"ocrFile1" USE"ocr"gt
• ltFLocat LOCTYPE"OTHER"
  OTHERLOCTYPE"file" xlinkhref"0007.xml" /gt
• lt/filegt
• lt/fileGrpgt

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Structural Metadata

• ltstructMap xmlnsnp"urnlibrary-of-congressndnp
  metsnewspaper"gt
• ltdiv TYPE"npissue" DMDID"issueModsBib"gt
  
• ltdiv TYPE"nppage"
  DMDID"pageModsBib1"gt
• ltfptr FILEID"masterFile1" /gt
• ltfptr FILEID"serviceFile1" /gt
• ltfptr FILEID"otherDerivativeFile1
  " /gt
• ltfptr FILEID"ocrFile1" /gt
• lt/divgt
• ltdiv TYPE"nppage"
  DMDID"pageModsBib2"gt
• lt/divgt