Introduction to Adapting to Change

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Introduction toAdapting to Change
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Adapting to Change in What?

• Change inside the organizations youll work for
• Changes in strategy (how your company competes)
• Changes in ____________________________
• Changes in product or service offerings
• Changes in production/service delivery technology
• Changes in ___________________________
• Changes in culture (core values and beliefs)
• Changes in ______________________________
• Strategic change key driver of other changes
• Youre going have to deal with a lot of
  organizational change

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Why do Organizations Change?
Internal Forces
External Forces
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Pervasive Forces for Change

• Internal forces for change
• Failure to achieve key elements of organizations
  mission
• Financial and otherwise
• Changes in ___________________________
• Different leaders have different perspectives
• New leaders are looking to make their mark early
• Changes in ___________________________

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Pervasive Forces for Change

• External forces for change
• Mergers and acquisitions
• De-regulation (and other regulatory changes)
• Increased influence of institutional investors
• Premium on short-term financial results
• Technological innovation Revolutionary products
• Widespread use of PC
• Rise of the Internet
• Change in _________________________
• Innovations in ways of competing
• E-commerce
• Globalization of competition

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Whats this Got to Do with You?

• Youll be entering the workforce during an era of
  rapid, fundamental change
• Being able to deal effectively with frequent,
  significant change will be essential to having a
  successful career
• You better be able to cope with change
• You better be able to lead change

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Elements of Adapting to Change

• Coping with change Session 1
• Session 1
• Recognizing that were living in a period of
  rapid, fundamental change
• Stress management (Chapter 15)
• Leading change Sessions 2 5
• Session 2 Challenges of leading change
• (Chapter 13)
• Session 3 Communicating vision for change
• Session 4 Organizational culture and culture
  change
• (Chapter 14)
• Session 5 Power, politics, and change

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Nerds Video
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Managing Stress
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What is Stress?

• Stress persons psychological and physiological
  reactions to situation that is personally
  threatening
• Stressor environmental threats that cause
  _________________________
• Stress reactions get people ready to respond to
  threats

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Why is Stress Management Important?

• Organizational costs
• 1) Absenteeism, attrition, lost productivity,
  medical expenses, etc.
• 300 billion per year
• 2) Increased alcohol and drug abuse
• More accidents, errors, declining effectiveness
• 3) Increased aggression and sabotage

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Why is Stress Management Important?

• Individual costs
• 1) Health impairment
• 50 to 75 percent of all illness is stress-related
• 2) Job burnout
• Feeling of exhaustion
• Arises when person experiences too much pressure
  and to few sources of satisfaction from a
  particular activity
• 1 in 3 people consider quitting their jobs
  because they fear burnout

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Stress and Performance

• Inverted-U relationship between stress and
  performance
• Low performance associated with
• Too little stress
• Too much stress
• Peak performance is at moderate levels of stress

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3 Skills for Coping with Stress

• 1) Become aware of stress symptoms
• 2) Determine ____________________
• 3) Engage in ____________________

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Recognizing Stress Symptoms

• Physical symptoms
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Elevated blood pressure
• Psychological symptoms
• Too many to list

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Recognizing Stress Symptoms

• Warning signs
• Constant fatigue
• Recurring headaches
• Inability to sleep
• Compulsive eating
• Chronic worrying

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Identifying Sources of Stress

• Organizational stressors
• High stress occupations
• Low control
• Time pressures
• Heavy responsibilities
• Threatening/unpleasant physical conditions

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Identifying Sources of Stress

• Organizational stressors (continued)
• Job role
• Work overload
• Role ambiguity
• Role conflict
• Interpersonal relationships
• Working for a boss you dont like

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Identifying Sources of Stress

• Personal stressors
• Family problems
• Health problems
• Personality susceptibility
• Type ____ personality (time urgency,
  competitiveness)

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Identifying Sources of Stress

• Environmental stressors
• Economic uncertainty
• Political uncertainties
• Technological change

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Identifying Sources of Stress

• Change routinely causes stress
• Even positive change
• Life Change Unit Scale

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Constructive Coping

• Two kinds of coping
• Problem-focused
• Emotion-focused

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Problem-Focused Coping

• Individual coping strategies
• Changing jobs
• Seeking help
• Managing time
• Developing resiliency

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Time Management

• 1) Planning
• 2) Organizing
• 3) Directing and controlling

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Time Management

• 1) Planning
• Determine your values
• Who are you? What do you want?
• Determine your goals and objectives
• Goal hierarchy
• Lifetime
• Intermediate
• Short-term
• Prioritize goals and objectives

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Time Management

• 2) Organizing
• List activities that support goals
• Prioritize activities
• ABC system (urgency and importance)
• Schedule activities
• Horizontal scheduling
• What to do over the next week or month
• Vertical scheduling
• Things to do today

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Time Management

• 3) Directing and controlling
• What is most effective use of my time now?
• Pareto principle (80/20 rule)
• 80 of activities are trivial (20 of important
  results)
• 20 of activities are critical (80 of important
  results)
• Identify critical activities
• Concentrate time on high impact activities
• Capitalize on personal productivity cycle

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Time Management

• 3) Directing and controlling (continued)
• Avoid procrastination
• Recognize reasons for procrastination
• Unpleasant task
• Overwhelming task
• Unclear goal
• Unclear task
• Fear of failure
• Fear of change
• Tendency to over-commit
• Addiction to cramming
• Overcoming procrastination
• See Exhibit 15-8

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Time Management

• 3) Directing and controlling (continued)
• Minimize disruptions
• Delegate?

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Problem-Focused Coping

• Developing personal resiliency
• People respond differently to stressors
• Hard to control aspects of resiliency
• Extroversion
• Locus of control
• Less hard to control aspects of resiliency
• High self-esteem?
• Social support
• Health maintenance

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Emotion-Focused Coping

• Many stressors cant be completely managed or
  eliminated
• Emotion-focused strategies
• Recreation
• Relaxation
• Meditation