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African Civilizations 1500 B.C.A.D. 500
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Diverse Societies in Africa
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SECTION
The Kingdom of Aksum and East African Trade
2
SECTION
MAP
GRAPH
Patterns of Change Migration
3
SECTION
Visual Summary
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African Civilizations 1500 B.C.A.D. 500
Africans create diverse cultures as they adapt to
the varied environments of the continent. Cities
with advanced cultures and technologies become
great trading centers in West and East Africa
while the migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples
into southern and eastern Africa create new and
unique cultures.
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African Civilizations 1500 B.C.A.D. 500
Time Line
250 B.C. Djenné-Djeno established in West Africa.
1500s B.C. Africans who dwell south of the Sahara
live in scattered farming communities or are
nomadic herders or hunter-gathers.
A.D. 303 King Ezana rules Aksum. In time, he
converts to Christianity.
1500 B.C.
A.D. 500
500 B.C. Nok people make iron tools.
A.D. 100s Bantu migrations underway.
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Diverse Societies in Africa
Key Idea
Africa is a land of contrasting geography. Early
Africans adapt to these varied environments,
developing diverse cultures in West and East
Africa unique to the particular area.
Overview
Assessment
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Diverse Societies in Africa
Overview
Sahara savanna Sahel desertification
extended family clan animism griot
Djenné-Djeno Nok
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Differences among modern societies are also based
on peoples interactions with their environments.
African peoples developed diverse societies as
they adapted to varied environments.
Assessment
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Diverse Societies in Africa
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Describe the main events that followed
the development of agriculture on the African
savannas.
people build permanent shelters
settlements expand
new activities/jobs are created
governing bodies form
continued . . .
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Diverse Societies in Africa
1
Section
Assessment
2. How does adapting to different environments
lead to the development of diverse cultures?
THINK ABOUT
natural resources
Nok accomplishments
migrations of different groups of people
ANSWER
Adapting to each environment requires
different survival skills and leads people to
develop unique ways of life. These different ways
of life determine what people believe, how they
expend their energy, and how they behavein
short, their culture.
Possible Response
End of Section 1
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The Kingdom of Aksum and East African Trade
MAP
GRAPH
Key Idea
The Kingdom of Aksum in East Africa takes control
of Red Sea trade routes and becomes an
international trading center. Aksum adopts
Christianity and creates a cosmopolitan culture
but declines as a trading power when Islamic
invaders seize control of Africas east coast.
Overview
Assessment
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The Kingdom of Aksum and East African Trade
MAP
GRAPH
Overview
Aksum Adulis Ezana
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Ancient Aksum, which is now Ethiopia, is still a
center of Eastern Christianity.
The kingdom of Aksum became an international
trading power and adopted Christianity.
Assessment
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The Kingdom of Aksum and East African Trade
MAP
GRAPH

• 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
  thoughts.
• List the achievements of Aksum.

Controlled international trade
Built stelae
Developed terrace farming
Spread Christianity
continued . . .
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The Kingdom of Aksum and East African Trade
MAP
GRAPH
2
Section
Assessment
2. Why did the kingdom of Aksum decline? THINK
ABOUT
the rise and spread of Islam
Aksums relocation
changes in the environment
ANSWER
Aksum could not hold off the onslaught of Islam
and became isolated religiously and
geographically. Depletion of natural resources
hastened its decline.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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The Kingdom of Aksum and East African Trade
MAP
GRAPH
2
Section
Assessment
3. Do you think that the kingdom of Aksum would
have reached the same heights if Ezana had not
become king? Explain your answer.
ANSWER
NoEzanas conversion to Christianity enabled
him to unite the kingdom and form close ties with
Christian empires. YesAksums location gave
it a unique chance to become a major trade
center. Any competent leader could have developed
its potential.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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Migration
CASE STUDY Bantu-Speaking Peoples
Key Idea
Mass movements of people are an important
influence on world history. From 500 B.C. to A.D.
1500, migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples into
the southern half of Africa create new cultures
as they adapt their skills to the lands they
occupy and intermix with other people.
Overview
Assessment
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Migration
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CASE STUDY Bantu-Speaking Peoples
Overview
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Throughout history, people have been driven to
uproot themselves and explore their world.
Migration continues to shape the modern world.
Assessment
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Migration
CASE STUDY Bantu-Speaking Peoples
3
Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List five reasons why people migrate.
Give an example of a migration that occurred for
each reason.
environmental change
prehistoric people
population pressure
prehistoric people
economic pressure
European settlers
empire building
Ottomans
religious freedom
European settlers
continued . . .
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Migration
CASE STUDY Bantu-Speaking Peoples
3
Section
Assessment
2. How might the migrating Bantu speakers and the
peoples they encountered have reacted to each
other? THINK ABOUT
Bantu culture
territorial wars
cultural adaptation
ANSWER
They might have been curious about each other,
willing to share ideas. Bantu speakers might
have been viewed as aggressors to defend against.
Possible Responses
End of Section 3