Tasmiat Rahman

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The English Civil War

• Battles

• Tactics

• Armies Soldiers

• Tasmiat Rahman

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Battles
Battle of Marston Moor It took place on 2nd July
1644. This battle was crucial. The
Parliamentarians had gained the support of the
Scottish Army. They had done this by promising
that the recently convened Westminster Assembly
would make the Anglican Church conform to the
Presbyterian church of Scotland. Now with the
help of the Scottish army , the Parliamentarians
had won the battle of Marston Moor.
The English Civil War consisted of numerous
battles. The battles did not take place at just
one site, they occurred all over England. There
is not enough space to describe all of them but,
the following is a list of the different places
the battles took place Adwalton Moor
Alton Dunbar Edgehill Langport Lostwithiel Marst
on Moor Naseby Newbury ( 1st Battle) Newbury
(2nd Battle) Roundway Down Turnham Green Winceby
Worcester
Battle of Edgehill It took place on 23rd October
1642. The cavaliers these were the Royalists
soldiers, they were well organised before the
battle. But the Roundheads these were the
Parliamentarians soldiers, were not. It had
been agreed, by both the Parliamentarians and
the Royalists, for the battle to start at 9
Oclock. However, Parliamentarians attacked
before the agreed time. The Royalists won the
battle.
Battle of Naseby It took place on 14th June 1645.
The roundheads were now known as the new model
army. Oliver Cromwell was now second in charge
of the Parliamentarians. The roundheads were
outnumbered, they had 3,000 men where as the
cavaliers had 7,000 men. Even though the
Parliamentarians were outnumbered, they won this
battle. The battle resulted in Cromwell being
placed in full charge. In the battle however, his
son died.
There were two parts to the civil war. The
previous battles occurred in the first civil war.
The following battle occurred in the second, and
ended the whole civil war.
Battle of Preston This final battle ended the
civil war. It took place on the 17th - 19th
August 1648. After the King surrendered to the
Scots, he was passed on to the parliament, who
offered the throne back on certain conditions.
These were rejected, which aggravated many
divisions of the victors. The Scottish forces
soon departed. The king made an alliance with the
Scots. If he returned to the throne he would make
Presbyterianism the official religion of both
kingdoms. The Scots invaded England but was
defeated by Cromwell .
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Tactics
There are 3 different parts to the armies in the
civil war. The Cavalry The Dragoons and The
Infantry. To find out they were , look at the
Armies and Soldiers section. In this section, it
explains what methods they used in the battles.
The Cavalry The cavalry had two main methods, the
Swedish method or the Dutch method. Swedish
method This would involve charging at the
gallop. Before making contact, pistols would be
fired,then a melee would follow. Dutch method
They would proceed on a trot, once the enemy
infantry was in range they would fire at them
with pistols. Next they would retreat and return
with sword and begin a melee. At first the Dutch
method was used by the Parliamentarians for their
battles, but then the Swedish method became the
preferred method for both sides.
Dragoons Dragoons made contact with enemy on foot
but they would ride to the battle. They would
fire passing troops with flintlock muskets. As
the dragoons were placed on the flank of an army
, and the cavalry were placed on the border. They
would fire at the opposing cavalry.
Infantry Infantry contains both pike men and
musketeers . In battle the pike men would be
placed in the centre, and the musketeers would be
on either side. The tactic would be that the
musketeers would fire a few round in to the enemy
ranks. Then both sides would engage into a push
of Pike. This is where Both sides try to push
each other back physically.
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Armies and Soldiers
The civil war was between the Royalists and the
Parliamentarians. The Royalists army were known
as the Cavaliers. The Parliamentarian's army were
as the Roundheads. The cavaliers got their name,
because of the superiority in cavalry. Roundheads
got their name because most of the soldiers had
close-cropped hair. The Cavaliers were controlled
by the King, while the roundheads were lead by
Oliver Cromwell. The Armies were split into three
types, the cavalry, the dragoons and the infantry.
The Cavalry The Cavalry would have about 400
strong men. They would split into six troops of
about 60 70 each.
The Infantry The Infantry would have about 1,200
strong men. They would split into 10 companies of
about 120 men each.
The Dragoons The Dragoons would have about 1,000
strong men. They would split into different
groups.
The New model army This army was produced because
of Oliver Cromwell. He decided that Parliamentary
armies were not very good. They needed to be
trained, by military leaders and not by a member
of the house of commons. There he proposed the
Self Denying Ordinance. This Stated that any
member of the House of Commons or the House of
Lords holding a military commission should resign
leaving a place for an actual military leader.
The Army This was army that had Sir Thomas
Fairfax as their Lord general. He was the
perfect man for the job, an excellent soldier and
had no connection with the parliament. This army
had 22,000 men 11 regiments of cavalry
containing 600 men each 12 regiments of infantry
containing 1200 men each 1 regiment of dragoon
containing 1000 men each
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