Title: RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL HEALTH CLINICS
1RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL HEALTH CLINICS
SCHOOLS
- Presented By
- Ken Olson
- SoL
- Energy Resources
- e-mail ltsolar_at_sopris.netgt
- United Nations
- Conference on Energy
- February 2, 2000
2World Health OrganizationWHO Fact Sheet N132
- ...Health and energy are interdependent
factors. - ...Energy strategy for rural areas....critical
in achieving lasting health improvements. - Solar Energy can play an important role in
improving the health/energy infrastructure if
integrated with a broader array of end uses.
3HEALTH APPLICATIONS
- Vaccine Refrigeration
- Ice Pack Freezing
- Lighting
- Communications
- Medical Appliances
- Sterilization
- Water Supply Purification
- Lifestyle Amenities for Staff
- Income Generation
4Water and Energy in Schools
- Water and energy are vital components of life,
the opportunity to learn about these fundamentals
in school should not be missed. - This is a vital opportunity to train the students
in basic life skills... - Renewable Energy for Schools NREL Publication,
Oct 99
5SCHOOL APPLICATIONS
- Lighting
- Safe Water Supply
- Food Preparation
- Water Space Heating
- Communications
- Teaching Aids
- Computers
- Lifestyle Amenities for Staff
6INFRASTRUCTUREROLES
- DECISION-MAKERS
- MANAGEMENT
- TECHNICIANS
- USERS
- COMMUNITY
7INFRASTRUCTUREROLES
- DECISION-MAKERS
- Policy
- Funding
- Evaluation
- MANAGEMENT
- TECHNICIANS
- USERS
- COMMUNITY
8INFRASTRUCTUREROLES
- DECISION-MAKERS
- MANAGEMENT
- Supervision
- Procurement
- Logistics
- Quality Control
- TECHNICIANS
- USERS
- COMMUNITY
9INFRASTRUCTUREROLES
- DECISION-MAKER
- MANAGEMENT
- TECHNICIAN
- Logistics
- Installation
- User Training
- Maintenance Repair
- USER
- COMMUNITY
10INFRASTRUCTUREROLES
- DECISION-MAKER
- MANAGEMENT
- TECHNICIAN
- USER
- Operation
- Daily Maintenance
- Record Keeping
- COMMUNITY
11INFRASTRUCTUREROLES
- DECISION-MAKER
- MANAGEMENT
- TECHNICIAN
- USER
- COMMUNITY
- Beneficiaries
- Decision-Making
- Self help Development
- Operate Enterprises
12ELEMENTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE
- POLICY GUIDELINES
- MANAGEMENT
- STANDARDS
- CERTIFICATION
- TRAINING
- INCOME GENERATION
- MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
- USER PARTICIPATION
- CREDIT
13LESSONS LEARNEDINSTITUTIONAL
- POLICY PLANNING
- POLICY TO INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGIES
- CAPABLE MANAGEMENT
- CREATE LINKS WITH OTHER SECTORS
- LOCAL SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE
14LESSONS LEARNEDINSTITUTIONAL
- DONOR PROGRAMS FAIL
- LACK OF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
- LACK OF LOCAL INCOME FOR OPERATIONS MAINTENANCE
15LESSONS LEARNEDOPERATIONAL
- STANDARDS
- FOR INSTALLATION
- OPERATING FUNDS
- MANAGEMENT
- LOGISTICS
- SERVICE
- SPARE PARTS
- TRAINING
- MUST BE ON-GOING
16LESSONS LEARNEDSYSTEM DESIGN
- PROCUREMENT STANDARDS
- INTEGRATE WITH END USE APPLICATION
- ADEQUATE DOCUMENTATION
- SIMPLE, ROBUST, EASY TO MAINTAIN
17LESSONS LEARNEDDEVELOPMENT
- NEED FOR RELIABLE RESOURCE DATA
- CHOICES DRIVEN BY PROGRAMMATIC NEEDS NOT
TECHNOLOGY - EVALUATE THE PILOT PROGRAM
18CASE STUDYDOMINICAN REPUBLIC
- 652 Rural Health Clinics
- 1,000,000 from EC for PV
- 164 Health Clinics with PV
- Vaccine Refrigerators
- 4 Lights
- 6,000 each installed cost
- Installed 1992-94
19DOMINICAN REPUBLICPERFORMANCE
- 81 SYSTEMS EVALUATED AFTER ONE YEAR
- 25 Failed to Function
- 60 Required Repair
- 15 Functioned w/o problems
20CASE STUDYDOMINICAN REPUBLIC
- WHAT WENT WRONG?
- Inefficient Loads
- One-Size-Fits-All Design
- Inappropriate siting of Systems
- Inexperienced Installers
- WHAT WAS DONE?
- Technician Training Program
- Repair Program Detailed
- Funds not allocated
21Dominican RepublicRECOMMENDATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- Funds for O M
- Placement, Procurement
- STANDARDS
- Design, Installation, Service
- TRAINING
- System Designers, Installers, Users
- MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
22CASE STUDYSOLAR ENERGY FOR HEALTHAN INTEGRATED
FOCUSCHOCO, COLOMBIA
- Summary of an evaluation by
- Pan American Health Organization
- Government of Holland
23An Integrated FocusGOALS
- Improve Rural Primary Health Care Using Solar
Energy - Achieve Sustainability with Community
Participation - Demonstrate Feasibility of PV Rural
Electrification
24An Integrated FocusOBJECTIVES
- Establish Community Council
- Generate Funds Locally
- for Operations Maintenance
- by Community-based Micro-Enterprises
- Training of Community
- Solar Energy Systems
- Micro-Enterprise
25Micro-Enterprises for Income Generation
- VIDEO THEATERS
- BATTERY CHARGING STATIONS
- SALE OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS
- PV Portable Lanterns
- 2 Lamps, Battery, Control
- 2 Lamps, Battery, Control, PV Panel
26INCOME GENERATED FOR OPERATIONS MAINTENANCE
- April - Dec, 1995
- Orpua 496.
- Guineal 655.
- Docordo 420.
- Noanama 335.
- US dollar equivalents shown
27Conclusions General
- The project was well accepted by the Community
and Health Institutions - There was not active participation by the local
government
28Conclusions Health
- Solar Energy Improved Rural Health Services
- Increased Vaccination Coverage
- More Rapid Malaria Diagnosis
- Effective Emergency Communication
- Lighting for Night Visits
- Lighting for Staff Residence
- Improved Health Education
- Fewer Home Accidents w/ lamps
29Conclusions Community Participation
- The Community can generate funds to maintain PV
Systems for Health Care. - Community Councils always need assistance with
- Management Skills
- Knowledge of the Market for PV
- Direct Relation with Suppliers
30Conclusions PV Electrification
- A Financial Credit Program needs to be
Established to expand the Market for PV Systems.
31Case StudySchool LightingHonduras
- Six 9-Watt lights for classrooms
- Purchased Equipment
- Battery purchased by school with financing
available from Soluz - Paid for with proceeds from Adult Literacy
classes - Donated Equipment
- 50Wp PV Panel, wiring control
- Soluz retains ownership
- Provides Maintenance Repair
32Case StudySchool LightingHonduras
- Soluz Retains Ownership
- Provides Maintenance
- System may be relocated
- Previous 20 Home Installations
- Monthly Fee for Service
- Includes Maintenance Repair
- Full Cost Recovery
- Soluz Retains Ownership
33CONCLUSIONS
- MUST HAVE A SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE
- MUST GENERATE OPERATING FUNDS
- HEALTH EDUCATION ARE NOT INCOME GENERATORS
- HEALTH EDUCATION ARE CRITICAL TO COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
34CONCLUSIONS
- HEALTH EDUCATION ARE DONOR DRIVEN
- DONOR PROGRAMS HAVE GREAT POTENTIAL TO FAIL
UNDERMINE SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES - COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ARE SYMBIOTIC