Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development in Latin America

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Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development
in Latin America
World Bank Support for the Implementation of
Article 8(j) and Related Provision --Investing in
Indigenous Peoples Development
The Experience of the World Bank in Latin
America Including the GEF projects
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Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development
in Latin America
Purposes of Presentation

• To provide information on the World Bank policy
  on Indigenous Peoples in Latin America
• To describe the strategic approach to Indigenous
  Peoples Development Projects adopted by the World
  Bank in Latin America including the GEF projects
• To highlight some of the major lessons learned
  from the initial implementation of this strategy
  and,
• To describe some of the future challenges that
  the World Bank and other international
  development agencies face in the financing of
  Indigenous Peoples Development including the GEF
  projects.

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World Bank Policy Framework in Relation to
Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous Peoples Policy (OD 4.20) in 1991

• Policy developed by indigenous specialists in
  close collaboration with specialists in
  International Labor Organization (ILO) and Using
  ILO Convention 169 as a framework
• Broader definition of indigenous peoples to
  include highland indigenous peoples, as well as
  lowland forest-dwelling peoples
• Focus on informed participation of indigenous
  peoples in development decision-making rather
  than just on strengthening of government
  indigenous agencies and,
• Requirement that all Bank-financed projects
  affecting indigenous peoples contain special
  Indigenous Peoples Development Plans (IPDPs) to
  ensure that indigenous peoples participate in and
  benefit from Bank-financed operations.

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Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development
Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country
Management Unit (FY92-FY01)
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Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development
Mechanisms for Incorporating Indigenous Peoples
in Bank-Financed Projects (FY92-FY01)
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Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development
Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country
Management Unit (FY 2001)
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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Programs Goal
To promote the participation and inclusion of
Latin Americas 40 million indigenous peoples in
a sustainable development process.
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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Main Objectives

• To alleviate poverty and promote sustainable
  development
• To build indigenous peoples capacity for
  self-development
• To strengthen and improve the policy and
  institutional frameworks
• To demonstrate the important role that
  indigenous peoples can play in the management of
  fragile ecosystems and biodiversity conservation
  and
• To disseminate the experience learned.

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Strategies

• Conducting analytical and empirical studies of
  indigenous poverty and social exclusion
• Investing in human capital (education, health,
  and social protection)
• Strengthening the social capital of indigenous
  organizations and communities
• Linking indigenous territorial protection with
  natural resources management and biodiversity
  conservation
• Promoting protection of indigenous peoples
  cultural heritage, languages and identities and
• Creating a learning partnership among indigenous
  peoples, governments and donor agencies.

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities

• 1. Supporting pre-investment operations
• A) Capacity Building
• 15 training projects in 10 different countries
• Over 2 million IDF invested
• Partnerships with indigenous organizations,
  government agencies, and NGOs
• Focus on development planning (autogestion)
• Learning by doing methodologies

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities

• 1. Supporting pre-investment operations
• B) Analytical Work
• Indigenous peoples country profiles (Mexico,
  Central America and Andean countries)
• Case studies of indigenous community development
  (with the U. of Pittsburgh, the Fondo Indigena,
  indigenous organizations and NGOs)
• Legal studies (Central America, Guyana, Peru,
  Argentina, Venezuela)
• Publication of the Proceedings of the Second
  International Seminar on the Administration of
  Justice and Indigenous Peoples (with the Inter
  American Institute of Human Rights, ILO, and SIDA)

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities

• 2. Financing new and innovative projects
• A) Land Regularization
• Brazil Indigenous Lands Project (G7 Pilot Project
  for the Conservation of the Amazon and Atlantic
  Rainforest)
• Honduras Rural Land Management Project
• Bolivia Land Administration Project

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities

• 2. Financing new and innovative projects
• B) Natural Resources Management
• Colombia Natural Resources Management Project
• Peru Sierra Natural Resources Management Project
• Mexico Community Forestry Project

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities
2. Financing new and innovative projects
Examples of GEF-Funded Biodiversity Conservation
Projects

• C) GEF Biodiversity Conservation
• 22 projects in 12 countries
• Approximately 250 million invested
• Coverage of most ecological zones

Colombia Mataven Forest Project
Mexico Community Protected Areas Project
Guatemala Bio-Itza Project
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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities

• 2. Financing new and innovative projects
• D) Community-Based Development
• Ecuador Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian Peoples
  Development Project (PRODEPINE)
• Learning and Innovation Loans
• Peru Indigenous and Afro-Peruvian Peoples
  Development Project
• Argentine Indigenous Peoples Community
  Development and Protected Areas Project
• Bolivia Indigenous Peoples Development Project

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New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples
Development (1995-2001)
Activities

• 3. Supporting existing networks and building new
  learning partnerships
• National consultation meetings (Mayan Elders
  Consultation in Guatemala, Andean and Amazon
  Consultations in Peru)
• Inter-Agency Working Group on Indigenous Peoples
• Red Indigena (a regional, interactive website on
  Indigenous Peoples Development)

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Participatory Approaches to Indigenous Development
Enabling Factors

• Adequate legal and policy frameworks
• Pre-investment training and capacity
  strengthening of indigenous organizations
• Joint decision-making and power-sharing
  arrangements
• Participatory diagnostic and planning techniques
  and,
• Agreement on technical and professional criteria
  for contracting of project planning and
  implementation teams

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Participatory Approaches to Indigenous Development
Lessons of Initial Experience

• Need to focus more attention on participation of
  indigenous women
• Need for more systematic incorporation of
  indigenous knowledge and culture into project
  designs
• Need for culturally appropriate monitoring and
  evaluation indicators
• Need to link indigenous development projects with
  other sectoral projects (human development,
  infrastructure, rural development and finance,
  etc.) and national poverty reduction strategies

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Chalenges for Indigenous Peoples Development
Future Challenges of Indigenous Development
Initiatives

• Greater focus on social and economic needs of
  urban indigenous communities
• Strengthening of entrepreneurial capacity and
  competitiveness of indigenous economic
  enterprises and businesses
• Greater cooperation and coordination among donor
  agencies
• Increased learning and dissemination of
  indigenous development experiences among
  countries and between North, Central and South
  America

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GEF Projects with IP as Primary Focus

• Argentina Community Biodiversity Protection
  Project (6m)
• Belize Community Managed Sarstoon Temash
  Conservation (7.5m)
• Colombia Conservation and Sustainable
  Development of the Mataven Forest (tbd)
• Ecuador Rescuing Ancient Knowledge and
  Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Coastal
  Ecuador (1.05m)
• Ecuador Conservation, Management, and
  Sustainable Use Planning of Natural Resources in
  Pastaza (tbd)
• Guatemala Management and Protection of Laguna
  del Tigre National Park (1.66m)
• Guatemala Community Management of the Bio-Itza
  Reserve (Peten) (tbd)
• Mexico Indigenous Conservation of Biodiversity
  (18.7m)
• Peru Participatory Conservation and Sustainable
  Development with Indigenous Communities in
  Vilcabamba (1.14m)
• Peru Indigenous Management of Protected Areas in
  the Amazon (24m)
• Venezuela Dhekuana Nonoodo Biodiversity
  Conservation (1m)

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GEF Projects with IP as a Component

• Colombia Conservation and Sustainable Use of
  Biodiversity in the Andes Region (30m)
• Colombia Community-Based Management for the Naya
  Conservation Corridor (.94m)
• Costa Rica Sustainable Cacao Production (tbd)
• Ecuador Choco-Andean Corridor (2.7m)
• Guatemala Biodiversity Conservation in the
  Altiplano Occidental (45m)
• Honduras Biodiversity Conservation in Priority
  Protected Areas (9.5m)
• Mexico Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (92.9m)
• Nicaragua Atlantic Biological Corridor (21.5m)
• Panama Effective Protection with Community
  Participation of the New Protected Area of San
  Lorenzo (2.23m)
• Peru Collaborative Management for the
  Conservation and Sustainable Development of the
  Northwest Biosphere Reserve (2.1m)
• Peru Consolidation of Protected Area System
  (PROFONANPE II) (32m)