Input

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Input Output Devices
Issues and Tradeoffs

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Agenda

• Questions
• Part 2 Due Today Thursday 10/24
• Project Part 3 Prototype
• Interaction Frameworks
• Norman Execution/Evaluation cycle
• DFAB Language Translation
• Input and Output Devices and Tradeoffs

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Part 3 of Project

• Overview of template
• Due Thursday, Nov 14th
• Intermediate deliverables
• Thursday, Oct 31, Prototype Stage 1 Progress
  Report
• By November 7th, TA review working prototype,
  physical form factor, storyboard description, and
  evaluation plan

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Execution-Evaluation cycle
Norman - 7 Stages
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Interaction framework

• Abowd Beale (DFAB, p. 106)

Presentation(output language)
Observation(task language)
Output
User
System
Interface
Articulation(input language)
Input
Performance(core language)
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Explanatory power examples

• Norman (gulfs)
• threading a projector
• call hold on a modern telephone
• Banks of light switches
• DFAB (ease and coverage)
• Text editing
• VCR
• One cycle around is usually not enough

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Other examples

• Proxima projector
• menu navigation
• value adjustment
• source switching

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The Hall of Shame

• Web site
• http//www.iarchitect.com/shame.htm
• Some examples
• progress meters
• use of color

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Input Devices

• Properties of Devices
• Selecting appropriate device
• Design impact for evolution of use

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Selecting the Device

• Appropriate for tasks to be performed
• Suitable for the intended work ad environment
• Matches physiological and psychological
  characteristics of users
• Trade-offs, multiple devices, feedback

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Characteristics

• Discrete vs. continuous entry device(or both)?
• Are required manipulations possible?
• Natural mapping between manipulation and meaning
  of results to user?

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Example - Keyboards

• Qwerty
• Dvorak
• Chord

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Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

• Based on frequency of use of letters and patterns
  -gt 90 reduction in movement between rows
• Faster due to using fingers on alternating hands
• Less RSI

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Chord Keyboard
Bat One-Handed Personal Keyboard
Twidder
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Other Devices

• Pointing Devicesmice, trackballs, joysticks,
  pens, cursor keys
• Touch Screens
• 3D TrackersDataglove, other manipulative trackers

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3D Immersion
Whole-hand sensing, force feedback and real-time
3D interaction technologies that allow the user
to "reach in" and physically interact with
simulated computer content.
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Applications of 3D
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Evolving Input Technology

• Higher Resolution Touch Screen
• Speech Recognition Isolated word to Continuous
  speech Speaker-dependent vs -independent

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Output Devices

• Visual Feedback
• Characteristics of good and poor visualizations
• Identify when and how to use sound
• Identify where speech interactions are appropriate

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3D Interactive Animation
PARC works on novel graphical user interface
techniques such as 3D and 2D information
visualization and large format displays
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Sound Output

• Alerting and Feedback
• Improve interface by exploiting human auditory
  system
• Alternate to visual attending
• Use of natural sounds to provide info

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Evolving Output

• Multimedia
• Multi-modal combination of speech, gesture and
  sounds

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Selecting the Devices

• Look at users
• Consider Task
• Environment
• Use Interaction Framework to assessease of use
  and task coveragedirectness of task, actions,
  interpretation

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Next Week

• Evaluation, evaluation, evaluation
• Start Project Part 3