Forestry Science I Unit 3 Lesson 3

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Forestry Science IUnit 3Lesson 3

• Created by Ms. Holli Bowman
• FORS 7730
• Fall 2001

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office July 2002
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Definitions

• Carl von Linne (Linnaeus), a Swedish botanist was
  the first to use a system of classifying plants
  in which members of the plant kindom are divided
  into classes, orders, families, genera and
  species.
• Orders -- made up of one or more families, the
  names generally end in aceae.
• Families -- made up of one or more genera.

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Definitions

• Taxonomy -- the classification of plants and
  animals according to natural relationships.
  Taxonomy uses Latin as its language. When using
  scientific names for trees, the genus name is
  always written first and it is capitalized.
• Angiospermae -- the class of trees which is made
  up of the hardwood species
• Gymnospermae -- the class of trees made up of
  coniferous species

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Tree Characteristics

• Leaves
• Twigs
• Bark
• Fruit

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Leaves

• Generally, most trees can be identified by type,
  size, shape, color, texture and the arrangement
  of the leaves.
• Leaf forms
• Leaf apexes
• Leaf margins
• Leaf bases
• Margin -- the outside edge of the leaf

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Twigs

• Twigs- one of three ways.
• -Alternate
• -Whorled
• -Opposite
• Major identifying characteristics of twigs
  include buds, leaf scars, lenticels and bark

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Bark

• The most important identification feature in
  dormant winter periods.
• Identifying characteristics of bark include
  thickness, roughness, type of fissures, color and
  in some cases, odor.
• Twigs and Bark are two of the most helpful
  characteristics in identifying broad-leaved trees
  in the winter.

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Fruit

• Fruits are grouped into Simple and Compound.
• Simple fruits consist of a single, enlarged ovary
  with which some other flower parts may be
  incorporated. They are divided into two major
  groups fleshy fruits and dry fruits.
• Compound fruits are divided into two major
  groups aggregate fruit and multiple fruit.

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Simple Fruits

• Fleshy Fruits
• Berry the outer and inner walls are fleshy and
  enclose one or more seeds
• Drupe (or stone fruit) fruit is one-seeded.
  The outer part is fleshy, but the inner part is
  stony
• Pome the outer portion of the fruit is fleshy
  the inner portion is somewhat papery and forms
  a core containing numerous seeds.

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Simple Fruits

• Dry Fruits
• Dehiscent (those that split open when ripe)
• Legume
• Capsule
• Indehiscent (those that do not open when ripe)
• Achene
• Samara
• Nut -- hard, usually one-seeded, with a bony,
  woody, leathery or papery wall.

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Compound Fruits

• Aggregate fruit -- cluster of ripened fruits
  produced from a single flower
• Multiple fruit -- cluster of fruits of separate
  flowers crowded together forming what appears to
  be a single fruit