Title: Presentacin de PowerPoint
1Beijing Wokshop, September 2002 Larval food
(Artemia), larviculture and ecotoxicology group
(UE partner 4) Members Dr. Francisco
Amat Dr. Francisco Hontoria Dr. Juan Carlos
Navarro Dr. Inmaculada Varó Óscar
Monroig Germán Medina Olga Ruiz
Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
12595 Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón)
SPAIN
2- Distribution of A. persimilis and A. franciscana
populations in Argentina - Presence of rare males in diploid parthenogenetic
Artemia populations from the Old World - Updating of cyst bank and database
3- Distribution of A. persimilis and A. franciscana
populations in Argentina (1) - Presence of Artemia franciscana North of 36º S
and A. persimilis South of 37º S. - The population of A. franciscana from Las Tunas
lagoon (33º 44S) evidences a phenomenon of
hybridisation or introgression 50 males show
n22 chromosomes, and 50 n21 chromosomes. - Laboratory crossbreeding experiments show
reproductive isolation between A. franciscana
(Mar Chiquita, Las Tunas) and A. persimilis
(Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo) Argentinean
populations. - Laboratory population from Las Tunas crossbreeds
with Mar Chiquita (A. franciscana) population,
and does not with Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo (A.
persimilis) population.
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5Females
6Males
7- Distribution of A. persimilis and A. franciscana
populations in Argentina (2) - Laboratory populations from A. franciscana and A.
persimilis in competition show different
reproductive output in terms of
oviparism/ovoviviparism. - Under suboptimal conditions of food availability
A. persimils shifts immediately to oviparism,
while A. franciscana always keeps moderate levels
of ovoviviparism (gt 13 ) - Under the same conditions (environmental, food
availability) co-occurring populations from both
species show different reproductive output. A.
franciscana females show always higher fecundity
than A. persimilis females. - Former results explain a competitive development
under which A. franciscana population outcompetes
completely A. persimilis .
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12- Presence of rare males in diploid parthenogenetic
Artemia populations from the Old World (1) -
- Rare males were found in 22 populations of
Artemia parthenogenetica (diploid) from the Old
World 9 populations in the Iberian peninsula
(Spain and Portugal), 2 populations from Africa
(Namibia and Egypt), and 11 populations from
Eurasia (Italy, Ukraine, West Altai, Kazakhstan,
Mongolia, China, Iran and India). - These rare males are morphologically different
from those present in bisexual species or
populations. - This atavism is more frequent in
parthenogenetic populations from Central Eurasia
(Iran, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Mongolia) and less
frequent, or scarce, in peripheral Western
(Iberian peninsula, Africa) and Eastern (China)
populations.
13- Presence of rare males in diploid parthenogenetic
Artemia populations from the Old World (2) -
- Although rare males seem useless in reproductive
strategies for parthenogenetic females, they are
not sterile. They can mate and fertilize females
from the bisexual strains or populations Artemia
urmiana (lake Urmia, Iran) and Artemia sinica
(lake Yuncheng, Shanxi, China), producing live
offspring . - It is suspected that this rare male atavism could
help to explain the origin of parthenogenetic
strains (monophyletic?, polyphyletic?) from
lineages leading to present-day Asiatic Artemia
or from hybridization between two of the Asiatic
bisexual species (A. urmiana and A. sinica).
14Quantification of rare males found in diploid
parthenogenetic populations of Artemia N
number of individuals studied from laboratory
populations male/1000 ? ratio of males to 1000
individuals Origin N male/ Origin
N male/ 1000 1000 SPAIN and
PORTUGAL EURASIA La Mata lagoon
(Alicante) 16,197 2-3 Marg. di Savoia salterns
(Italy) 12,103 1 Janubio salterns
(Lanzarote) 13,092 0 Santa Gilla salterns
(Italy) 4,647 1 Odiel salterns
(Huelva) 14,188 1 Kujalnik lake,
Ukraina 12,656 7-8 Sanlucar salterns
(Cádiz) 12,202 1 Maloje Jar. Lake, W.Altai
8,031 1-2 San Fernando salterns (Cádiz) 12,504
1 Bjurliu lake, Kazakhstan 18,946 9-10 Calpe
salterns (Alicante) 12,000 1 Urmia lake,
Iran 4,689 17 Bonmatí salterns (Alicante)
7,268 2-3 Ka lake, Inner Mongolia 10,931
5-6 Gerri salterns (Lleida) 12,319 1 Dong
Fang Hong salterns, China 8,920 1-2 Aveiro
salterns 18,105 2 Xiao Tan salterns,
China 16,570 5-6 Yingkou salterns,
China 5,920 1-2 AFRICA Madras salterns,
India 3,352 2-3 Walvis Bay,
Namibia 10,066 1 Wadi Natron, Egypt 4,947
1
15Males
16- Updating of cyst bank and database (1)
- The present cyst collection held at the IATS-CSIC
contains about 280 samples 146 from Western
Europe, 24 from Asia, 16 from Africa and 94 from
the Americas. - The updating of cyst bank is mainly focused now
to the study of samples coming from countries
neighbouring Spain, specially Portugal, France ,
Italy and North Africa countries. -
- The biogeography and biodiversity of Artemia
populations in Spain are well known (Amat et al.,
1995), and changes about it were not expected,
unless undue allochthonous species introduction. - A similar situation was reported from Portugal
and France since the early 80s. Narciso (1989)
and Thiery Robert (1992) rendered preliminary
information on the presence of A. franciscana
populations in Portugal and France, respectively.
17- Updating of cyst bank and database (2)
- Cyst samples from Portugal, France, Spain and
Morocco, present in the IATS-CSIC bank, and
collected between 1991 and 2002, produced A.
franciscana populations . - Preliminary research on Italian cyst samples
(Tarquinia, Carloforte) are showing, up today,
autochthonous Artemia populations (A. salina and
A. parthenogenetica). - The suspected absolute presence of A. franciscana
in Portugal and France is endangering the
biodiversity of Spanish autochthonous populations
in the South of Spain (Cadiz and Huelva) at
short-medium (?) term, and of the Mediterranean
Spanish autochthonous populations at medium-long
(?) term. - Amat, F., Barata, C., Hontoria, F., Navarro,
J.C., Varó, I. 1995. Int. J. Salt Lake Res., 3
175-190. - Narciso, L. 1989. EAS Special Publ., 10 183-184.
- Thiery, A. and Robert, F. 1992. Int. J. Salt
Lake Res.,1 47-63. -
18Females
19Males
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