Naming Acids and Polyatomic Anions

1
Naming Acids and Polyatomic Anions

• Presentation lesson
• By
• Floyd J. Lincoln

2
Naming Acids and Polyatomic AnionsOverview

• What is a binary acid
• Naming binary acids
• What is a ternary acid
• Naming polyatomic anions from acids
• Adding prefixes
• Naming ternary acids

3
What is a binary acid?

• All acids by definition are substances that forms
  hydronium ions (H) in a water solution.
• Binary acids are watery solutions of hydrogen
  compounds that consist of two elements.
• Examples include
• HCl, HBr, and H2S

4
Naming Binary Acids

• The name of a binary acid begins with the prefix
  hydro- indicating that the acid consists of a
  binary hydrogen compound (hydrogen and only one
  other element).
• The prefix is followed by the name of the other
  element.
• The ending of the name is modified by adding the
  suffix ic.
• The word acid is included as part of the name.

5
Naming Binary Acids

• Example
• HCl is hydrogen and chlorine only in the
  compound, so it is a binary hydrogen compound and
  we must use the rules for naming it
• 1. hydro-
• 2. chlorine is modified to chloric
• 3. add the word acid
• hydrochloric acid is HCl

6
Binary Acid Question

• What is the name of the water solution HF?
• 1. Hydrogen fluoride
• 2. Hydrofluoride acid
• 3. Hydrogenfluoric acid
• 4. Hydrofluoric acid

7
Sorry! Try the help button.
8
Sorry! Try the help button.
9
Sorry! Try the help button.
10
By Joe, Youve got it correct!
11
Binary Acid Question 2

• What is the name of the water solution H2S?
• 1. Hydrogen sulfide
• 2. Hydrosulfuric acid
• 3. Hydrogensulfuric acid
• 4. Hydrosulfide acid

12
Oh so sorry!Try the help button.
13
Oh so sorry!Try the help button.
14
Oh so sorry!Try the help button.
15
Right on!!
16
Naming Binary Acids

• The name of a binary acid begins with the prefix
  hydro- indicating that the acid consists of a
  binary hydrogen compound (hydrogen and only one
  other element).
• The prefix is followed by the name of the other
  element.
• The ending of the name is modified by adding the
  suffix ic.
• The word acid is included as part of the name.

17
Naming Binary Acids

• Example
• HCl is hydrogen and chlorine only in the
  compound, so it is a binary hydrogen compound and
  we must use the rules for naming it
• 1. hydro
• 2. chlorine is modified to chloric
• 3. add the word acid
• hydrochloric acid is HCl

18
Binary Acid Question 3

• What is the name of the water solution HBr?
• 1. Hydrobromic acid
• 2. Hydroboronic acid
• 3. Hydrogenbromic acid
• 4. Hydrobromide acid

19
Oh no, sorry! Try the help button.
20
Oh no, sorry! Try the help button.
21
Oh no, sorry! Try the help button.
22
Naming Binary Acids

• The name of a binary acid begins with the prefix
  hydro- indicating that the acid consists of a
  binary hydrogen compound (hydrogen and only one
  other element).
• The prefix is followed by the name of the other
  element.
• The ending of the name is modified by adding the
  suffix ic.
• The word acid is included as part of the name.

23
Naming Binary Acids

• Example
• HCl is hydrogen and chlorine only in the
  compound, so it is a binary hydrogen compound and
  we must use the rules for naming it
• 1. hydro
• 2. chlorine is modified to chloric
• 3. add the word acid
• hydrochloric acid is HCl

24
You have selected the correct answer!
25
What Are Ternary Acids?

• All acids by definition are substances that form
  hydronium ions (H) in a water solution.
• Some ternary (consists of three elements)
  compounds of hydrogen dissolve in water to
  produce acid solutions.
• When placed in water their molecules produce
  cations (H) and anions ( - charge ion).
• The anions are polyatomic, and usually contain
  oxygen.
• These compounds are called ternary acids.

26
Ternary Acids Naming Polyatomic Anions

• The polyatomic anion that contains oxygen is
  named by adding a suffix, either ate or ite to
  the name of the other element that is combined
  with oxygen.
• In general, the anion ending in ate contains one
  more oxygen atom than does the related ite anion

27
Naming Polyatomic Anions

• Examples of polyatomic anions and their names

28
Anion Question

• If CO22- is carbonite, then carbonate will have
  the chemical formula
• 1. CO23-
• 2. CO33-
• 3. CO32-
• 4. CO2-

29
Oh so sorry! Try some help.
30
Oh so sorry! Try some help.
31
Oh so sorry! Try some help.
32
Success is yours!
33
Naming Polyatomic AnionsAdding prefixes

• Remember that an ite anion has one fewer oxygen
  than an ate anion.
• When an anion has one less oxygen than an ite
  anion add the prefix hypo- to the name of the
  anion, keeping the suffix -ite
• For example, if ClO2- is chlorite then ClO- is
  hypochlorite
• Hypo- is a Latin prefix which means less than.

34
Naming Polyatomic AnionsAdding prefixes

• When an anion has one more oxygen than an
• -ate anion add the prefix per- to the name of
  the anion, keeping the suffix -ate
• For example, if ClO3- is chlorate then ClO4- is
  perchlorate
• Per- is an abbreviated form from the Latin prefix
  hyper-, which means greater than or above.

35
Naming Polyatomic AnionsAdding Prefixes
Here is an example of anions made of chlorine and
oxygen
36
Anion Question 2

• If PO43- is phosphate, what is PO23-?
• 1. Perphosphate
• 2. Hypophosphate
• 3. Hypophosphite
• 4. Perphosphite

37
Sorry, not this answer! Study the lesson again.
38
Sorry, not this answer! Study the lesson again.
39
Sorry, not this answer! Study the lesson again.
40
We have a winner!
41
Anion Question 3

• If NO2- is nitrite then NO4- is?
• 1. Nitrate
• 2. Pernitrate
• 3. Hyponitrate
• 4. Pernitrite

42
Sorry, what a bummer! Do this lesson again.
43
Sorry, what a bummer! Do this lesson again.
44
Sorry, what a bummer! Do this lesson again.
45
Naming Polyatomic AnionsAdding Prefixes

• Remember that an ite anion has one fewer oxygen
  than an ate anion.
• When an anion has one less oxygen than an ite
  anion add the prefix hypo- to the name of the
  anion, keeping the suffix -ite
• For example, if ClO2- is chlorite then ClO- is
  hypochlorite
• Hypo- is a Latin prefix which means less than.

46
Naming Polyatomic AnionsAdding Prefixes

• When an anion has one more oxygen than an
• -ate anion add the prefix per- to the name of
  the anion, keeping the suffix -ate
• For example, if ClO3- is chlorate then ClO4- is
  perchlorate
• Per- is an abbreviated form from the Latin prefix
  hyper-, which means greater than or above.

47
Naming Polyatomic AnionsAdding Prefixes

• Here is an example of anions made of chlorine and
  oxygen

48
Great Job!
49
Naming Ternary Acids

• The related acid to any polyatomic anion
  containing oxygen is named based on the name for
  the anion with these changes
• 1. If the name of the anion ends in ate, the
  name of the acid ends in ic followed by the word
  acid
• 2. If the name of the anion ends in ite, the
  name of the acid ends in ous followed by the
  word acid

50
Naming Ternary Acids

• Names of Common Ternary Acids

51
Ternary Acid Question 1

• What is the name of the acid HClO?
• 1. Hypochlorous acid
• 2. Chlorous acid
• 3. Chloric acid
• 4. Perchloric acid

52
So, so sorry! Review if you must.
53
So, so sorry! Review if you must.
54
So, so sorry! Review if you must.
55
Outstanding answer!
56
Ternary Acid Question 2

• Name the acid that comes from the anion
  phosphate, PO43-?
• 1. Phosphoric acid
• 2. Perphosphoric acid
• 3. Hypophosphorous acid
• 4. Phosphorous acid

57
Sorry, try again! Did you forget something?
58
Sorry, try again! Did you forget something?
59
Sorry, try again! Did you forget something?
60
Naming Ternary Acids

• The related acid to any polyatomic anion
  containing oxygen is named based on the name for
  the anion with these changes
• 1. If the name of the anion ends in ate, the
  name of the acid ends in ic followed by the word
  acid
• 2. If the name of the anion ends in ite, the
  name of the acid ends in ous followed by the
  word acid

61
Naming Ternary Acids

• Names of Common Ternary Acids

62
Victory is yours!
63
Congratulations!

• Now that you have completed this presentation
  you must answer the questions on the worksheet
  about naming acids and polyatomic anions. See
  your instructor for the worksheet.

64
Credits

• Wav files for sound are from Microsoft Office
  2002 and A1 free sound effects.com
• All graphics are from Microsoft Office 2002
• Informational source Prentice Hall Needham,
  Massachusetts, Chemistry, The Study Of Matter
  Third Edition, Henry Dorin, Petter E. Demmin, and
  Dorthy L. Gabel, 1990 printing,