Introduction to chapters 4

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Introduction to chapters 4 5

• Chpt 4 Words Sentences
• Chpt 5 Paragraphs Messages

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Content

• Style
• Steps to effective writing style
• ----
• Tone
• Readability
• Physical aspects
• Correctness in writing

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Language Arts Basics (LAB)(in Reference Manual)

• Section A
• Pp 572 -610
• Use religiously!!!!!1

4
STYLE

• Effectiveness of the words, sentences,
  paragraphs, and overall tone of your message

5
STYLE EXAMPLES
p. 132 for comments No mechanical errors, but is
not clear, vigorous, or coherent. It does not
flow smoothly because there are no bridges or
transitions between sentences.
During the preceding year just past, Oxford
industries operated at a financial deficit. It
closed three plants. It laid off many employees.
The companys president was recently named Iowa
Small Business Executive of the Year. Oxford is
now endeavoring to ascertain the causes of its
financial exigency. The company president said
that
6
revised
Last year Oxford Industries lost money and, as a
result, closed three plants and laid off 200
employees. Now the company is trying to
determine the causes of its problems. In an
explanation to stockholders, Oxfords president,
who was recently names Iowa Small Business
Executive of the Year, said that
More readable, more direct, clarifies
relationships among sentences, uses concise
familiar words, logical order and has style.
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WORDS

• 1. Write clearly
• 2. Use short, simple words
• 3. Write with vigor
• 4. Write concisely
• 5. Prefer positive language

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1. CLARITY

• Be accurate
• Use familiar words
• Avoid dangling expressions
• Limit jargon

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2. Short simple words

• Improves understanding
• Less likely to distract
• Want to achieve comprehension
• Bigger words does not equal bigger intellect
• Write to express, not to impress

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Examples simple words

• Ascertain learn
• Endeavor try
• Initiate start
• Recapitulate review
• Utilization use
• See more on p. 136

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3. Vigorous writing

• Specific concrete language
• Avoid clichés, slang, buzz words

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4. Conciseness

• Avoid redundancy
• Avoid wordy expressions
• Avoid Hidden verbs subjects
• Imply or condense

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5. Positive language

• Turn lemons into lemonade
• Helps to achieve objectives
• Helps to persuade
• Builds goodwill
• Tone
• Switch to subjunctive mood (more palatable)
• Wish, if, would
• Stress what is true and can be done

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Tomorrow

• Writing effective sentences