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INFECTION CONTROL

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5-10% of patients admitted to hospitals acquire an infection during ... Causative microorganism. Portal of entry and exit. Is the pathway which an agent moves ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: INFECTION CONTROL


1
INFECTION CONTROL
  • First year
  • Respiratory Therapy
  • MJC

2
Nosocomial Infections
  • 5-10 of patients admitted to hospitals acquire
    an infection during their stay
  • 10- 40 affect the respiratory system
  • Respiratory therapy equipment has been identified
    as a major source
  • Those affecting lungs are more likely to die

3
Chain of Infection
  • Six elements to spread disease

4
Spread of Infection
  • Source
  • People or contaminated objects
  • Route
  • Contact, droplet, airborne
  • Host
  • Often patient is weakened to opportunistic
    bacteria

5
Spread of Infection
  • Infectious agent
  • Causative microorganism
  • Portal of entry and exit
  • Is the pathway which an agent moves
  • Respiratory, GI, surgical site
  • Method of transmission
  • Airborne, droplet, contact

6
Infection Control Strategies
  • 1. Eliminating the source of the pathogen
  • Cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing
  • 2. Interrupting the route of transmission
  • Creating barriers for equipment handling,
    maintenance
  • 3. Monitor and evaluate effectiveness

7
Methods of Transmission
  • Airborne transmission
  • Suspended in air
  • Droplet Transmission
  • Large drops from coughing, speaking, sneezing
  • Contact Transmission
  • Direct or Indirect methods

8
Less Common Transmission
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Mosquitoes and ticks
  • Common Vehicle transmission
  • Food and water
  • Fomite
  • bed linen or equipment that may be used to
    transmit pathogens

9
Here, dont touch the stick.
10
Isolation Precautions
  • Barrier measures prevent the spread of infection
  • Universal precautions
  • Handwashing, gloves etc
  • Wear mask, face visors, safety glasses during
    procedure that can generate splashes or sprays of
    body fluids or secretions

11
Universal Precautions
  • Standard precautions developed to protect heath
    care workers
  • Wash hands between patient contacts
  • Wear gloves when touching blood and body fluids
  • Wear mask and eye protection when splashes are
    likely

12
Universal Precautions
  • Wear gown to prevent soiling of clothes
  • Use resuscitation devices rather than mouth to
    mouth
  • Never recap needles
  • Use sharps containers
  • Use private room to maintain appropriate hygiene

13
Special Isolation Precautions
  • Applied in addition to standard precautions
  • Airborne precautions
  • Droplet precautions
  • Contact precautions
  • Reverse isolation for immuno-compromised patient

14
Airborne Precautions
  • Visitors report to nurse before entering
    patients room
  • Private, negative pressure room
  • Wear respirator (95-99) Hepa mask
  • Limit transport out of room
  • Wear surgical mask during transport

15
Droplet Precautions
  • Place in private room or group patients with same
    infection
  • Wear mask when working within 3 feet of patient
  • Limit transport
  • Wear surgical mask during transport

16
Contact Precautions
  • Wear and remove gloves after use
  • Wash hands after leaving the room
  • Wear gown when entering room
  • Dedicated equipment to stay in room

17
Reverse Isolation
  • Barriers to protect PATIENT
  • Usually on oncology ward with immuno-compromised
    patient with low (WBC) ability to protect
    themselves from outside germs

18
Disinfecting
  • Alcohol, phenols and iodophors are best for
    surface asepsis
  • Gluteraldehyde (20 minutes) is the best choice
    for high-level disinfection
  • Sterilization is needed to destroy all microbial
    life

19
Handwashing
  • The BEST single most important action respiratory
    therapist can take to stop the spread of
    infection.

20
Barriers to Handwashing
  • Sinks are not handy and have to go out of their
    way to use
  • Too busy, no time, short staffed
  • Irritation, redness and cracking of skin

21
Anti-Microbial Lotions
  • Test has shown that this innovation may improve
    compliance
  • Dry, cracked hands can be prevented
  • Hands can be cleansed while walking between
    patients

22
Op-site
  • Every IV site is covered with a small 2 by 2
    clear covering
  • If you have an open sore, cut, hangnail, cover
    the open skin with op-site
  • Will last for hours of repeated washings
  • Bandaid will soil immediately op-site will only
    need to be replaced 2-3 times per shift

23
Needlestick Injuries
  • Can be prevented
  • Never re-cap (or use one-hand scoop)
  • Use safety equipment supplied
  • Never bend or break needles
  • Dispose in sharps container ASAP
  • Never carry needle down hall
  • Pre-plan what to do with needle

24
Contacting HIV from Needlestick
  • Over 20 pathogens can be transmitted through the
    blood
  • Most common are Hepatitis B and C
  • Risk is 10 to 30 with HBV and HCV
  • Needlestick risk is 0.3 with HIV

25
Latex Allergy
  • Usually related to gloves we use
  • Powdered gloves are used less
  • Becomes abrasive rather than lubricant
  • Clear vinyl non-allergic
  • Blue or Purple (non-stretching)

26
Drug-Resistant Pathogens
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
  • MRSA Methacylin resistant Staphlococcus Aureus
  • VRE Vancomycin Resistant Endococcus

27
Thats all folks!
  • Stay clean
  • Remember
  • Life on under
  • a microscope
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