Minerals

1
Minerals Rocks

• Chapters 4 5

2
4.1 Properties of Minerals

• What is a mineral?
• Naturally occurring
• Inorganic (not made from living things)
• Solid
• Crystal structure
• Definite chemical composition

3
4.1 Properties of Minerals

• Identifying Minerals
• Color
• Color of mineral
• Streak
• color when rubbed on
  streak plate
• Luster
• How mineral reflects light

4
4.1 Properties of Minerals

• Density
• Mass in given volume (heft)
• Crystal Structure
• 6 types / different crystal shapes
• Cleavage Fracture
• Way mineral breaks apart
• Hardness
• Mohs hardness scale ranking

5
4.1 Mohs Hardness Scale
6
4.2 How Minerals Form

• 2 Ways minerals form
• Form deep in earths crust as magma or lava cools
• Form on earths surface when water containing
  dissolved minerals evaporates
• Cooling rate determines crystal size
• Fast small Slow large

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5.1 Rock Classification

• Minerals
• Make up rocks
• 20 different types
• Elements, Compounds
• Identified by
• Color, luster, streak, cleavage / fracture
  pattern, hardness, density

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5.1 Rock Classification

• Rocks
• Move change due to earths
  forces
• 1000s of different types
• 3 basic categories
• Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

9
5.1 Rock Classification

• Rock Classification
• Color texture provide clues to mineral
  composition
• Texture look feel of rocks surface

10
5.2 Igneous Rocks

• Igneous Rocks
• Formed from magma or lava
• Classified by texture, origin, mineral
  composition
• Extrusive formed from erupted lava
• Intrusive formed from magma hardened beneath
  earths surface

11
5.2 Igneous Rocks

• Cooling grain size
• slow cooling (intrusive) ? coarse, large grains
• Fast cooling ? small, fine grains, glassy texture

12
5.3 Sedimentary Rocks

• Sedimentary Rock
• Formed when particles of rocks or plant/animal
  remains are pressed cemented together

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5.3 Sedimentary Rocks

• Steps in forming Sedimentary Rock
• Erosion wind, water loosen rock fragments
• Deposition sediment settles out of water/wind ?
  deposited
• Compaction pressed together
• Cementation minerals dissolve to form glue to
  hold particles together

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5.3 Sedimentary Rocks

• Types of Sedimentary Rock
• Clastic from rock particles
• Organic from living things
• Chemical from dissolved minerals

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5.5 Metamorphic Rocks

• Metamorphic Rock
• Form from heat pressure
  beneath Earths surface
• From igneous or sedimentary rocks
• Classified by grain arrangement

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5.6 Rock Cycle

• Rock Cycle Animation