Cardiovascular System

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Cardiovascular System

• By Jamie Stephenson

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History of the Cardiovascular system

• William Harvey, a student of Hieranymus
  Farbricius (who had earlier described the valves
  of the veins without recognizing their function),
  performed a sequence of experiments and announced
  in 1628 the discovery of the human circulatory
  system as his own and published an influential
  book about it. This work with its essentially
  correct exposition slowly convinced the medical
  world. Harvey was not able to identify the
  capillary system connecting arteries and veins
  these were later described by Marcello Malpighi.

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• Did you know that each day, 2,000 gallons (more
  than 7,570 liters) of blood travel many times
  through about 60,000 miles (96,560 kilometers) of
  blood vessels that branch and cross, linking the
  cells of our organs and body parts?????

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What Makes up the Cardiovascular system?

• The Heart the
• The Circulatory system

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The Circulatory System

• The circulatory system is composed of
• Both -
• The heart and blood vessels, Inlcuding the
• Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

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The Heart

• The heart is the key organ in the circulatory
  system.
• As a hollow, muscular pump, its main function is
  to propel blood throughout the body.

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Interesting Facts

• The heart usually beats from 60 to 100 times per
  minute, but can go much faster when it needs to.
• The heart beats about 100,000 times a day
• It beats more than 30 million times per year
• And about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year
  lifetime.

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Why and When does our Heart Pump?

• The heart gets messages from the body that tell
  it when to pump more or less blood depending on a
  person's needs.
• When we're sleeping, it pumps just enough to
  provide for the lower amounts of oxygen needed by
  our bodies at rest.
• When we're exercising or frightened, the heart
  pumps faster to get more oxygen to our bodies.
• The circulatory system is an organ system that
  moves nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from
  cells to help fight diseases and help stabilize
  body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.

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Anatomy of the Heart

• The heart is made up of four different
  blood-filled areas, and each of these areas is
  called a chamber.
• There are two chambers on each side of the heart.
  One chamber is on the top and one chamber is on
  the bottom. The two chambers on top are called
  the atria The heart has a left atrium and a right
  atrium.

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Anatomy of the Heart

• The two chambers on the bottom are called the
  ventricles.
• The heart has a left ventricle and a right
  ventricle.
• Their job is to squirt out the blood to the body
  and lungs.
• Running down the middle of the heart is a thick
  wall of muscle called the septum. The septum's
  job is to separate the left side and the right
  side of the heart.

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Function of the Chambers

• The atria and ventricles work as a team the
  atria fill with blood, then dump it into the
  ventricles.
• The ventricles then squeeze, pumping blood out of
  the heart. While the ventricles are squeezing,
  the atria refill and get ready for the next
  contraction.

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The Valves of the Heart

• Two of the heart valves are the mitral valve and
  the tricuspid valve. They let blood flow from the
  atria to the ventricles.
• The other two are called the aortic valve and
  pulmonary valve, and they're in charge of
  controlling the flow as the blood leaves the
  heart. These valves all work to keep the blood
  flowing forward. They open up to let the blood
  move ahead, then they close quickly to keep the
  blood from flowing backward.

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Circulation

• The blood moves through many tubes called
  arteries and veins, which together are called
  blood vessels. These blood vessels are attached
  to the heart. The blood vessels that carry blood
  away from the heart are called arteries. The ones
  that carry blood back to the heart are called
  veins.

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3 Types of Circulation

• The body's circulatory system really has three
  distinct parts Pulmonary circulation, coronary
  circulation, and systemic circulation. Or, the
  lungs (pulmonary), the heart (coronary), and the
  rest of the system (systemic). Each part must be
  working independently in order for them to all
  work together.

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What is the Function of Circulation?

• It takes less than 60 seconds to pump blood to
  every cell in your body!
• The left side of your heart sends oxygen-rich
  blood out to the body. The body takes the oxygen
  out of the blood and uses it in your body's
  cells. When the cells use the oxygen, they make
  carbon dioxide and other stuff that gets carried
  away by the blood. It's like the blood delivers
  lunch to the cells and then has to pick up the
  trash!

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What does the Blood do After Delivering Oxygen?

• The returning blood enters the right side of the
  heart.
• The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs
  for a little freshening up.
• In the lungs, carbon dioxide is removed from the
  blood and sent out of the body when we exhale.
• Next we inhale fresh breath of oxygen that can
  enter the blood to start the process again. And
  remember, it all happens in about a minute!

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How to Keep a Healthy Heart

• Remember that your heart is a muscle. If you want
  it to be strong, you need to exercise it. How do
  you do it? By jumping rope, dancing, or playing
  basketball. Try to be active every day for at
  least 30 minutes! An hour would be even better
  for your heart!
• Eat a variety of healthy foods and avoid foods
  high in unhealthy fats, such as saturated fats
  and trans fats (reading the labels on foods can
  help you figure out if your favorite snacks
  contain these unhealthy ingredients).
• Try to eat at least five servings of fruits and
  vegetables each day.
• Avoid sugary soft drinks and fruit drinks.
• Don't smoke. It can damage the heart and blood
  vessels.

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Works Cited

• "Body Systems Circulatory System - The Human
  Heart An Online Exploration from The Franklin
  Institute, made possible by Unisys." 26 Feb. 2009
  lthttp//www.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/circulation
  .htmlgt.
• "The Cardiovascular System." FindingDulcinea
  Online Guides Internet Library Web Resources.
  26 Feb. 2009 lthttp//www.findingdulcinea.com/guide
  s.topic__ss_categories_ss_science_ss_Science-of-th
  e-Body_ss_Cardiovascular-System.htmlgt.
• "Yahoo! Image Search Results for cardiovascular
  system." Yahoo! Search - Image Search. 26 Feb.
  2009 lthttp//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images
  ?_adv_propimagefryfp-t-501vacardiovascularsy
  stemszallimtypeimqualityallgt.
• "Your Gross and Cool Body Circulatory System."
  The Yuckiest Site on the Internet. 26 Feb. 2009
  lthttp//yucky.discovery.com/noflash/body/pg000131.
  htmlgt.