New Imperialism

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New Imperialism
Colonization in 1945
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of territories belonging to Europe/U.S. in 1900
Africa 90.4
Polynesia 98.9
Asia 56.5
Australia 100
Americas 27.2
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Imperialism, 1816-1880 Economic Influence

• China
• Britain
• opium wars (1839-42, 1856-60)
• spheres of influence
• Japan
• US
• Commodore Matthew Perry (1853)
• Egypt
• Britain and France
• Muhammad Alis modernization
• Ismails debt

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Opium use in China
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• French cartoon, late 1890s
• While a Mandarin official helplessly looks on,
  "China" as a pie is about to be "carved up" by
• Queen Victoria (GB)
• Wilhelm II (Germany)
• Nicholas II (Russia)
• Marieanne (France)
• Meiji Emperor (Japan)

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Commodore Matthew Perry forced the Japanese to
end isolationism
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New Imperialism (1880-1914)

• by western powers
• formal political control
• in Africa and Asia

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Scramble for Africa
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Scramble for Africa

• Kick-started by
• Egypt Britain, 1882
• Congo Leopold II of Belgium, 1878
• Berlin Conference (1884-1885)
• Bismarck Jules Ferry
• 90 taken all but Ethiopia Liberia

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Leopold II in the Congo
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Scramble for Africa

• Europeans blew away native peoples w/ superior
  technology (machine gun)
• Omdurman (Sudan, 1898)

Death toll 11,000 Muslim tribesmen, 28 Brits
General Horatio H. Kitchener
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Scramble for Africa

• conflicts b/t European powers
• Anglo-Boer War (South Africa, 1899-1902)
• Fashoda (Britain vs. France, Sudan, 1898)

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AFRICAN POLITICAL ENTITIES BEFORE THE SCRAMBLE
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Imperialism in Africa, 1914
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of Africa controlled by European countries in
1913
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Imperialism in Asia

• Dutch East Indies (1815 forward)
• French Indochina (1880s)
• British India (1858)
• Philippines Spain, then USA (1898)

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Imperialism in Asia, 1914
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Motives

• economic
• raw materials, markets, outlets for capital
• political
• national glory, national security

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More Motives Justifications

• religion
• ideological
• Social Darwinism
• White Mans Burden (Rudyard Kipling)

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Additional Causes

• technological military superiority
• machine gun
• quinine
• steamship
• telegraph
• ease domestic turmoil
• special-interest groups

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Forms of Imperial Rule

• colony
• direct rule
• indirect rule
• protectorate
• sphere of influence

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Whats up with other major countries/continents?

• Latin America Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Ottoman Empire Sick Man of Europe

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Monroe Doctrine (1823)
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Definitions

• colonialism one countrys domination of another
  country or people
• formal political control
• imperialism similar to colonialism but used more
  broadly
• political or economic control exercised formally
  or informally
• new imperialism
• by western powers
• formal political control
• in Africa and Asia
• 1880-1914

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1st World / 2nd World / 3rd World
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Post-Cold War World Developed and Developing
Nations