LIBERATION, SEPARATION, EXTRACTION

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LIBERATION, SEPARATION, EXTRACTION

• STAGE 1 - Blasting
• STAGE 2 - Primary Crushing
• STAGE 3 - Secondary Crushing
• STAGE 4 - Grinding
• STAGE 5 - Separation by size
• STAGE 6 - Separation by values
• STAGE 7 - Extraction of values

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What is an Ore?

• Mineralized rock that can be mined/processed
• At a time (temporal)
• At a place (spatial)
• At a profit (economic)
• Waste rock can become an ore
• Tailings can become an ore

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Drilling and Blasting

• Create a top size suitable for transportation
• Begin the process of Liberation
• Factors
• Drill hole diameter
• Drill hole spacing and pattern
• Explosive type
• Delay system

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Drilling and Blasting
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Influence of Blasting Practices

• S. Morrell and W. Valery, 2001. Influence of
  Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. SAG 2001,
  Vancouver, Canada, pp203-214
• Morrell, S., 2003. The Influence of Feed Size on
  Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the
  Role of Blasting in its Manipulation, Proc. 22nd
  International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.
  L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p.526-533.

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Influence of Blasting Practices

• S. Morrell and W. Valery, 2001. Influence of
  Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. SAG 2001,
  Vancouver, Canada, pp203-214
• Morrell, S., 2003. The Influence of Feed Size on
  Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the
  Role of Blasting in its Manipulation, Proc. 22nd
  International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.
  L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p.526-533.

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Order of Processing
Blasting
Primary Crushing
Secondary Crushing
Grinding
Regrinding
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Crushing Machines
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Crushing Machines
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HPGR high-pressure grinding rolls
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High-Pressure Grinding Rolls
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Jaw Crusher
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Gyratory Crusher
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Symons Cone Crusher
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Cone Crusher Liners
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Vibrating Screen
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Secondary Crushing Plant
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Alternate Secondary Crushing Plant Design
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Open Circuit Crushing
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Grinding Mills
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Grinding Mills

• Rod Mill opened up for maintenance
  Ball Mill overflow type

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Conical Ball-Mill
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Grinding Mills
Bingham Canyon Grinding Mills
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Tube Mill
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Rod-Mill Central Peripheral Discharge
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Rod-Mill End Peripheral Discharge
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Rod-Mill Overflow Discharge
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Grinding and Cyanide Leaching
Musslewhite Mine, Ontario
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Cyclo-Paks
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Spiral and Rake Classifiers
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Rake Classifier
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Rake Classifier
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Spiral Classifiers
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Cyclone and Particle Recovery
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Size Distribution of Soils
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Size Distribution Curves
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Bimodal Size Distribution
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Hydrocyclone
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Separator Partition Curves
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Stokes Law
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ABC Grinding Circuit
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Bond Work Index Formula
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Size Ranges in Separators
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Electronic Sorting
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Electrostatic Separation
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Cross-Belt Magnetic Separator
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Drum Magnetic Separator
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2-stage Drum Magnetic Separator
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Pinched Sluice
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Riffles in a Sluice
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Humphrey Spiral iron ore
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Particle Distribution in Spiral Trough
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Reichert Cone separator
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Fluid (pulp) Flow in a Cone Separator
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Shaking Table
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Statification on a Shaking Table
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Gold on a Shaking Table
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Jigging - stratification
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Centrifugal Concentrator the Falcon
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Flotation Cell
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Flotation Cell Agitator Design
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Flotation Cell - Rotors
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Separation Circuit
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Copper Flotation Circuit
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Downstream Processing

• Copper
• Oxide copper treatment

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Heap Leach Operation
Installing a Plastic Membrane Liner
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Zaldivar Copper Heap Leach
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Copper Downstream Processing

• Kidd-Creek Smelter flowsheet

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Simplest Copper Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Copper/Gold Flotation Circuit

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Copper/Moly Ores Concentrating

• Copper/Moly Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Multiple Sulfide Differential Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Mixed Oxide/Sulfide Copper Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Copper Oxide Processing to final metal

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Copper Oxide Processing - LPF

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• T.O.R.C.O. Processing of Copper Ores

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Copper Anode Casting Wheel
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Thickener - tailings
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Thickeners - zones
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Thickener Area Calculation

• where
• A thickener area (m2)
• W dry solids mass flow (tph)
• F liquidsolid ratio of feed
• D liquidsolid ratio of discharge
• R settling rate (m/hr)
• S liquid S.G. (kg/L)

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Marine Tailing Disposal
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Drum Filters
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Disk Filter
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Pressure Filter - Larox
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Rotary Dryers
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Rotary Kiln
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Mill Control Room
Carlin Mine, Nevada
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Questions?
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Dissolution of Gold in CyanideElsner's Equation
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Precipitation of Au from Solution
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Downstream Processing

• Gold processing options

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Downstream Processing

• Nickel
• Typical Mine/Mill Treatment

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Downstream Processing

• Nickel
• Matte Separation processing

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Downstream Processing

• Uranium Ore processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing