Biology: Understanding Life

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Biology Understanding Life
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Galactic Real EstateIn The News
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Biology The Study of Life
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Subdisciplines of Biology

• Molecular chemical level
• Cell individual cell level
• Organismal individual level
• Population species level
• Many other fields of study

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What is Life?

• Living Organisms share common characters

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Characteristics of Life

• Cellular composition and hierarchical
  organization
• Interaction with one another and the environment
• Emergent properties
• (organization yields characteristics)
• DNA directs structure function, is heritable
• Transformation of energy maintenance of
  stability
• Form that fits function
• Diversity in type with pattern unity among
  organisms
• Evolution of species

from Table 1.1
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Life is Embodied by the idea that the whole is
equal to more than the sum of its parts
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All Living Things are Composed of Cells

• Cell
• Mass of protoplasm
• Bound by membrane
• Smallest living unit

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Organization of Life

• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ System
• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem
• biosphere

Smallest Level
Largest Level
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Biological Information

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
• Recipe for structure function
• Material of heredity

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Organisms Use Transform Energy

• Energy drives activities
• Movement
• Cell repair
• Reproduction
• Growth
• Homeostasis

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Source of Energy

• Photosynthesis
• Capturing energy from the sun
• Organisms that can do this are producers
• Feeding on Producers
• Capturing energy from another organism
• Organisms that can do this are consumers
• Break down molecules of dead organisms
• Recycle nutrients
• Organisms that do this are decomposers

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Structures Fit Functions

• Form infers function
• Example feathers
• Fluffy insulator
• Flight feathers
• Waterproof feathers
• Camouflage feathers

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Different form, different function