Pregnancy and Fetal Nutrition

1
Pregnancy and Fetal Nutrition
2
Placenta Development

• Develops in early days of pregnancy
• Amniotic sac- bag of water
• Umbilical cord- route of nourishment and oxygen
• Performs respiratory, absorptive, and excretory
  functions

3
Energy Needs

• 300 extra calories during 2nd and 3rd trimester
• More teenagers, underweight, physically active
• Choose healthy

4
Protein

• 10g more daily than RDA
• Most Americans get more protein than needed
• Avoid supplements

5
Essential Fatty Acids

• Omega-3 and omega-6
• Brain growth, function, and structure
• Include seafood in diet

6
Folate

• Supplements, fortified foods, and
• Fruits
• Juices
• Green vegetables
• Whole grains
• .4 mg daily
• Prevents neural tube defects (NTD)

7
B12

• Activates folate enzyme
• Meat
• Fish
• Eggs
• Milk products

8
Iron

• Supports enlarged blood volume
• Fetus draws from iron stores of mom to build its
  own
• 4-6 months worth
• Meats
• Fortified grain products

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Enhancing Iron Absorption

• Take supplement during 2nd and 3rd trimester
• Do not take with milk, coffee or tea
• Inhibits iron absorption
• Take with Vitamin C rich foods

10
Zinc

• DNA / RNA synthesis
• Protein synthesis, cell development
• Dairy products, beans, whole grain cereals

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Vitamin D

• Calcium absorption
• Rickets in fetus
• Exposure to sunlight
• Vitamin D fortified milk

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Calcium

• Need more than 600 mg daily
• Milk
• Cheese
• Yogurt
• Can take supplement

13
Nutrient Supplements

• Multivitamin recommended
• High risk groups
• Multiple fetuses
• Cigarette smokers
• Alcohol and drug abusers
• Help reduce
• Preterm delivery, low birth weights, birth defects

14
Good Eating During Pregnancy

• Milk Group- 3 servings
• Meat Group- 3 servings
• Fruit Group- 3 servings
• Vegetable Group- 4 servings
• Bread Group- 9 servings
• Fats, Oils, Sweets- use sparingly

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1 Day Menu

• Create a 1 day menu for a pregnant woman and
  follow the serving recommendations
• Your menu must include
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Afternoon Snack
• Dinner
• Bedtime Snack
• Be sure to include color illustrations