Urbanisation in LEDC

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Urbanisation in LEDCs Today(Asia, Africa, and
South America)
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• As cities in Asia, Africa, and South America have
  expanded, they have tended to sprawl.
• In 1900 10 of the worlds population lived in
  cities to day the figure is 50.
• Most of the current growth is because of
  rural-urban migration.

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Rural to Urban Migration

• What is rural-urban migration
• In some LEDC cities over 50 of the population
  may not have been born there.
• Majority of growth in LEDC cities is from
  migration rather than natural increase.
• Why Move?
• Push Factors, Pull Factors, Restraining Factors

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Push Factors Pull Factors Restraining Factors

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• A Typical Migrant
• Young, single, adventurous male who comes to the
  city in search of wealth before returing to his
  home town or village.
• Some migrants stay others return home
  permanently or seasonally.
• Chain Migration
• Circular Migration

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Migrants

• Come to the city with very few skill that would
  be useful in an urban environment.
• Arrive with little money so must sleep in
  footpaths or construct temporary accommodation.

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Shanty Housing

• Self Help Housing made out of scrounged
  materials such as corrugated iron, packing cases,
  cloth, and disused pastic sheeting.
• 70 of all new housing in developing nations
  consists of shanty settlements.

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Squatters

• Squatters often occupy shanty settlements
• Squatters will build on land that had been left
  vacant
• Strips along railway lines
• Edges o f parklands
• Steep Sloping land
• Shanty settlements can been found next to
  expensive real estate.
• Shanties can be found in all parts of the city
  but often located on the outskirts of the cities.

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Ant and Dec in the Slums of Nairobi
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Government Assistance

• Some governments realise that shanty housing is a
  self-help way of addressing the housing shortage.
• Some administrations connect shanty housing to
  basic services such as electricity and sewage.
• Governments have built public housing to rehome
  the shanty dwellers.

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• High rise housing in Singapore used to re-house
  shanty dwellers.

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Population Structures

• Rural-urban migration distorts the population
  structure of many African, Asian and South
  American Cities. Why?

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The Struggle to Survive

• Many migrants are unskilled.

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Primate Cities

• Many of the large cities in Africa, Asia and
  South America are Primate Cities.
• This means that they completely dominate the
  urban networks of which they form a part of.
• Political, economic and social focus of the city
  they form a part of.
• A primate city has to have at least five times
  the population of the second largest city.

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Land Use in LEDC Cities

• Cities in LEDC cities grow bit by bit, growing
  outwards with shanty settlements on the outskirts
  of the city.
• As time passes these shanty settlements grow into
  permanent buildings and a new ring of shanties
  develop.
• In this way the wealthy elite live close to the
  city centre and people become progressively
  poorer towards the outskirts.
• Bands of manufacturing are situated along the
  major lines of communication.
• Few attempts have been made to produce models on
  LEDC cities.

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Functional Zones in LEDC Cities

• Similar to that of Western Cities except for
  the congestion and competition for space are even
  greater.
• Zones
• Inner Zone
• Middle Zone
• Outer Zone
• Industry

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