Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis

• Chapter 8

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Saving for a Rainy Day
Interest Grabber
Section 8-1

• Suppose you earned extra money by having a
  part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to
  spend all of the money, but then you decide to
  open a bank account.
• 1. What are the benefits of having a bank
  account?
• 2. What do you have to do if you need some of
  this money?
• 3. What might your body do when it has more
  energy than it needs to carry out its
  activities?
• 4. What does your body do when it needs energy?

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Section Outline
Section 8-1

• I. Energy and Life
• A. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
• Chemical Energy and ATP (adenosine
  triphosphate)
• 1. principal chemical compound used in cells to
  store and release energy

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ATP
Section 8-1
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
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• 2. Energy is primarily stored at ATP
• 3. To release energy the chemical bond between
  the second and third phosphate groups is broken
  producing ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

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Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially charged battery
Fully charged battery
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Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially charged battery
Fully charged battery
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Video 1
Video 1
ATP Formation

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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C. Using Biochemical Energy

• 1. ATP is used for
• a. active transport of ions
• b. synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
• c. respond to chemical signals on the cell
  surface
• ATP is not good for storing large amounts of
  energy long term

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• 3. One glucose molecule stores 90 times more
  chemical energy than one molecule of ATP
• 4. Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed
  by using glucose

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Section Outline
Section 8-2

• Photosynthesis An Overview
• A. Photosynthesis the conversion of light
  energy, water, and carbon dioxide into
  high-energy carbohydrate (ie glucose)

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Photosynthesis Reactants and Products
Section 8-2
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 H2O
Sugars O2
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• Photosynthesis Equation
• Carbon dioxide water sugars oxygen
• 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2

light
light
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Video 2
Video 2
Photosynthesis

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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C. Light and Pigments

• Photosynthesis also requires light and
  chlorophyll
• Pigments
• a. light absorbing molecules
• b. Gather the suns energy
• Chlorophyll
• a. Principal pigment used by plants
• b. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
• 4. Carotenoids

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Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
G
V
B
O
Y
R
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Section Outline
Section 8-3

• The Reactions of Photosynthesis
• Photosynthsis takes place inside chloroplasts
• 1. thylakoids
• a. Saclike photosynthetic membranes
• b. Light collecting units of the chloroplasts

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• 2. stroma
• a. Space outside the thylakoid membranes
• b. Light independent reactions or Calvin
  cycle occurs here

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• Light-Dependent Reactions
• 1. require light
• 2. produce oxygen gas
• 3. convert ADP and NADP into energy carries
  ATP and NADPH

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Video 3
Video 3
Light-Dependent Reactions, Part 1

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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Video 4
Video 4
Light-Dependent Reactions, Part 2

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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• Light-Independent Reactions/Calvin Cycle
• 1. uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent
  reactions to produce high-energy sugars
• 2. the ATP and NADPH formed by the
  light-dependent reactions contain a large amount
  of unstable chemical energy
• 3. the Calvin Cycle turns this energy into a
  stable form that can be stored for a long time

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Video 5
Video 5
Calvin Cycle

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
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Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
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takes place in
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Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
to produce
to produce
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Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
takes place in
uses
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take place in
to produce
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Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
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takes place in
uses
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take place in
to produce
to produce
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Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
takes place in
uses
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take place in
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Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis An Overview
Section 8-3
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP
ADP P
Light- Dependent Reactions
Calvin Cycle
ATP
NADPH
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Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
Section 8-3
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Chloroplast
Photosystem II
ATP synthase
Inner Thylakoid Space
Thylakoid Membrane
Stroma
Electron Transport Chain
Photosystem I
ATP Formation
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Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle
Section 8-3
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
ChloropIast
5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated
6-Carbon Sugar Produced
Sugars and other compounds
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• The end