Traffic Congestion

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Traffic Congestion

• Cause and Effect Essay

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Introduction

• Three sentences
• 2 Two background sentences
• 1 This essay will discuss

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Introduction Background

• Two sentences
• Describe the current situation or
• Describe the past and present or
• Give one side and the other side

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Introduction Background Ex.1

• Describe the current situation
• Abu Dhabi is a modern city, but it faces a modern
  problem. Every morning and evening, the streets
  are crowded with cars, taxis and trucks.

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Introduction Background Ex.2

• Describe the past and present
• Thirty years ago there were only a handful of
  cars in the dusty town of Abu Dhabi. Today, the
  streets are bumper-to-bumper with modern 4WD
  vehicles, luxury saloons, and taxis.

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Introduction Background Ex.3

• Give one side and the other side
• Abu Dhabi is one of the most highly developed
  cities in the Arab world. However, traffic
  congestion is a serious problem.

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Introduction Thesis

• Thesis Say what the essay will do
• This essay will examine the causes of traffic
  congestion in Abu Dhabi and look at some of the
  effects.

discuss, analyze, examine, describe, outline,
look at, mention, illustrate, review, explore,
investigate
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Sample Introduction

• Abu Dhabi is a modern city, but it also has a
  modern problem. Every morning and evening, the
  streets are crowded with cars, taxis and trucks.
  This essay will examine the causes of traffic
  congestion in Abu Dhabi and look at some of the
  effects.

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Causes

• Seven sentences (approx.)
• Opening sentence (Topic)
• Cause 1, more information
• Cause 2, more information
• Cause 3, more information

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Causes Topic Sentences

• Several factors have contributed to Abu Dhabis
  traffic problems.
• Abu Dhabis gridlock is the result of several
  factors.
• There are several reasons for Abu Dhabis traffic
  problems.
• Specify! Dont use pronouns like This or It in
  the opening.

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Causes

• No trains, trams, buses, metro, etc (poor public
  transport infrastructure)
• Too many taxis
• Everybody can afford a car due to rapid economic
  growth
• Road building cannot keep up
• Rapid population growth
• Limited space on the island
• High temperatures
• Children cannot walk to school
• No staggered hours

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Causes Sample 1

• One of the main causes of congestion is the high
  number of cars. Because of the emirates rapid
  economic growth, most residents can afford
  private vehicles.

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Causes Sample 2

• Another contributing factor is the lack of a
  public transport infrastructure. The absence of
  buses, trains, or an underground forces residents
  to rely on cars or taxis.

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Causes Sample 3

• The road system is another cause of congestion.
  Although the roads are highly developed, planners
  have not been able to keep up with the rapid
  expansion of the population. Frequent road works
  also lead to delays.

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Effects

• Seven sentences (approx.)
• Opening sentence (Topic)
• Effect 1, more information
• Effect 2, more information
• Effect 3, more information

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Effects

• Higher levels of anger and frustration
• More air pollution due to emissions
• Increased noise pollution
• More wasted time, delays at work and at school or
  when doing errands
• Reduced productivity
• Less pleasant environment
• Higher motoring costs (wasted fuel)

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Effects Topic Sentences

• This congestion has several adverse effects.
• Abu Dhabis traffic affects the city in various
  ways.
• Traffic jams have many negative consequences for
  the city.
• Specify! Dont use pronouns like This or It in
  the opening.

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Effects Sample 1

• The biggest effect is increased anger and
  frustration. Commuters and shoppers experience
  delays, resulting in tension and stress as they
  sit in traffic. This can even lead to increased
  accident rates.

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Effects Sample 2

• Another adverse effect is on the environment. Air
  quality declines as vehicle emissions rise. Noise
  levels also increase. In general, the city
  becomes a less pleasant place to live or work.

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Effects Sample 3

• A major effect is on productivity and efficiency.
  Workers and students are late for work or school.
  Salesmen and travelers waste hours in traffic
  jams, leading to lost profits.

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Conclusion

• Two or three sentences
• Summarize the main ideas and/or
• Give your opinion
• Look to the Future

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Conclusion Sample 1

• Overall, Abu Dhabis traffic problems are caused
  by an over-reliance on private transport and a
  failure to keep up with the rapidly expanding
  population. However, the city has shown it can
  solve problems in the past, and I am confident
  that it can reduce traffic congestion in the
  future.

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Conclusion Sample 2

• Overall, too many cars for too few road have lead
  to severe congestion in the city. However, if the
  municipal authorities encourage residents to use
  public transport, I am sure Abu Dhabi will
  continue to be a pleasant city to live in in the
  future.

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Traffic Congestion

• Cause and Effect Essay