BODY SYSTEMS

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BODY SYSTEMS

• Working together as one!
• The Healthy Burger Randwick BHS - pp for
  intranet

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How the body works

• Our bodies integrate (combine) a number of
  separate body systems.
• Each body system works
• alone and
• together with the others

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MODEL TORSOs
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BODY MODELS

• help us to understand what is hidden from view
• Make predictions

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BODY SYTEMS

• Examples

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The NERVOUS SYSTEM covers the whole body
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The MUSCULAR SYSTEM- covers the whole body
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The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is contained in the head
and the chest
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The CIRCULATORY SYSTEM-covers the whole body
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The REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMis contained within the
torso
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The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is contained within the
upper body
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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The ROLEs of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• INGESTION - getting food into the body
• DIGESTION breaking down food to a size that is
  useful
• ABSORPTION absorbing the food chemicals that
  give us energy and help us grow and repair our
  bodies
• ELIMINATION remove unwanted wastes

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Some DETAILS..

• The ALIMENTARY CANAL
• (digestive tract)
• is 7 to 10 metres in length
• is open at both ends
• Peristalsis moves food
• along in one direction only..
• except when you vomit!!!

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THE PART Diagram FUNCTION
The MOUTH and TEETH Breaks down the food by chewing with teeth and softening with the saliva
The OESOPHAGUS Links the mouth with stomach
The STOMACH Food is broken down and churned in an acid bath
The DUODENUM The first part of the intestines.Food is attacked by enzymes made in the pancreas
The SMALL INTESTINE The food is broken down and absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls called VILLI
The LARGE intestine Water gets reabsorbed, and wastes are eliminated through the rectum and out the anus
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Other Parts
The LIVER Makes bile that breaks down fat
The PANCREAS Makes enzymes that break down fat, sugars, starches and protein
The Appendix A branch off the large intestine, that serves no useful function, but can get infected and cause appendicitis.
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YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT
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Or this
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OR THIS
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Or this
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Or what about this..
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Or this.
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Or MAYBE this
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FOOD PYRAMIDS
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The CSIROs PYRAMIDfor healthy eating
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The 5 NUTRITIONAL Groups

• serving
  suggestion
• CEREALS and BREAD 5
• VEGETABLES 4
• FRUITS 3
• MILK and MILK PRODUCTS 2
• MEAT and ALTERNATIVES 1
• And
• INDULGENCES no more than 2

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BALANCED DIET

• This means eating foods in the correct
  proportions
• The CSIROs food pyramid should be used as a
  guide to healthy eating
• Teenagers have different nutritional needs from
  adults

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EATING DISORDERS

• Obesity and
• Compulsive eating

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Anorexia nervosa
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Bulimia
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NUTRIENT CHEMICALS

• CARBOHYDRATES
• divided into sugars and starches
• Provides immediate energy

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NUTRIENT CHEMICALS

• FATS and OILS
• Provide delayed (stored) energy
• Provide insulation against loss
• of body heat

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NUTRIENT CHEMICALS

• PROTEIN
• Provides for growth and repair of
• damaged tissue

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NUTRIENT CHEMICALS

• VITAMINS
• Needed in small amounts
• Examples
• Vitamin A found in dairy and some vegetables
  and butter and oil
• Vitamin C found in fruit and vegetables
• - a lack causes scurvy

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NUTRIENT CHEMICALS

• MINERALS
• Needed in small amounts for healthy bones, teeth,
  blood and body functions
• Examples
• Iron to transport oxygen in blood-
• a lack causes anaemia
• Calcium for healthy bones
• and teeth
• Phosphorus- healthy bones

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NUTRIENT CHEMICALS

• WATER-
• makes up 2/3 of the body
• Dissolves chemicals so that they can be carried
  around the body
• Lack of water causes dehydration
• FIBRE
• Sometimes called roughage
• Assists in smooth digestion and can prevent many
  diseases
• Found in nuts, cereals, fruits and vegetables

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Nutrient Chemicals
Chemical Provides Food Examples
Carbohydrates Immediate energy Sugar, potatoes, bread, pasta
Fats and oils Stored energy Oil, milk, cheese, butter
Proteins Growth and repair Eggs, tuna, cheese, chicken
Vitamins and Minerals Healthy growth and maintaining good health Various foods, including fruits and vegetables
Fibre Healthy digestion Nuts, cereals, fruit and vegies
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FOOD CHEMICAL TESTS
CHEMICAL TEST RESULT
Carbohydrate starch IODINE brown -gtblue black
Carbohydrate Glucose (sugar) BENEDICTS blue -gt honey brown
Fats and oils BROWN PAPER Paper goes transparent
Protein BIURET blue -gt purple
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The Circulatory System

• This system is comprised of three parts
• THE HEART A pump for the blood
• THE BLOOD
• THE BLOOD VESSELS The tubes which carry the
  blood

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The CIRCULATORY SYSTEM-covers the whole body
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Functions of the System

• To carry oxygen (from the lungs) and food from
  the digestive system to each cell
• To remove wastes and carbon dioxide
• To heal wounds
• To fight infection

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The HEART a double pump
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Two Pathways

• The blood moves through the heart via TWO
  pathways
• 1. The blood flows from the right side of the
  heart to the lungs to get oxygen and expel carbon
  dioxide
• 2. The blood flows from the left side of the
  heart to all parts of the body

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THE BLOOD VESSELS

• Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart
• Veins carry blood back TO the heart
• Capillaries
• connect small arteries and small veins and
• are the site where exchange in carried outwith
  the cells

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ARTERIES

• Arteries have thick muscular walls and carry
  blood under pressure from the heart
• A small artery is called ARTERIOLE
• A pulse is felt in the artery

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VEINS

• Veins have thin walls and valves which prevent
  blood flowing backwards
• A small vein is called a VENULE
• No pulse is felt in the veins

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CAPILLARIES

• These are blood vessels with very thin walls
• They connect arterioles with venules
• Oxygen and food leave the vessel here and enter
  the cell
• Carbon dioxide and waste enter the vessel here,
  out of the cell.

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THE BLOOD
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The Blood cells

• TYPES-
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets

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BLOOD GROUPS

• Four major blood groups
• A, B, O, and AB
• O is the universal donor
• AB is the universal recipient
• Blood transfusions can save lives