Title: Historia de la Iglesia
1Historia de la Iglesia
- Dr. John Oakes
- Sociedad de Investigación Apologética
2Por qué estudiamos la Historia de la Iglesia?
- Para aprender de los Errores de la Historia ?
para evitarlos? Aquellos que no pueden aprender
de la historia están condenados a repetirla. - Descubrir nuestros propias raices
- (Movimiento de Restauración, Ministerios
Universitarios, ICOC) - Evitar columpiar el péndulo
- Gracia ? Legalismo
- Doctrina ? Celo, Emoción, Corazón
- Ascetismo ? Libertad
3Cómo se perdió el Verdadero Cristianismo?
- Crecimiento de grupos separados, grupos heréjes
con falsas enseñanzas. - Desvío gradual de la verdadera iglesia, de las
prácticas bíblicas, por razones buenas y
sinceras.
4Cismas y Herejías tempranos
- Judaizantes legalismo
- Gnósticos humanidad de Jesus, conocimiento
profundo - Marcionitas Jehova un Dios Malo
- Montanistas carismáticos
- Novatianistas, Donatistas pureza de la iglesia
- Arianes deidad de Jesus
5El Evangelio de Judas
6El desvío de la Iglesia Apostólica
- Liderazgo/ Organización de la Iglesia
- Doctrina del Bautismo
- Ascetismo, Monasticismo
- Credos, Liturgia, Calendario de la iglesia,
Sacramentalismo - Sacerdotalismo/Sacerdocio La Cena del Señor se
convirtió en un sacrificio - Hermeneutica
7Lecciones Aprendidas de la iglesia primitiva
- Evitar estructura organizacional convenientes
pero no-bíblica. - Resistir la tendencia hacia el ritualismo en
nuestras reuniones. - No sobre-reaccionar a las falsas doctrinas.
- Evitar depender de credos para defender la
verdad. - No sobre-enfatizar la importancia del sacrificio
físico, oración o cualquier otra buena actividad
espiritual. - Enfatizar los métodos buenos de la exégesis de
Biblia
8Verdadero Cristianismo en la Edad Media?
- Paulicianos 650-900s Asia Menor
- Albigenses, Cathars 1000s-1200s Sur de
Francia - Arnoldo de Brescia 1100 Italia
- Pedro de Bruys 1110 Norte de Italia
- Valdenses 1175-1500s Peter Waldo, Suiza
9La Reforma
- John Wyclif Inglaterra, 1324-1384
- John Huss Bohemia, 1374-1415
- Martin Lutero Alemania, 1483-1546
- Ulrich Zwingli Suiza, 1484-1531
- William Tyndale Inglaterra, 1494-1536
- Juan Calvino Francia, 1509-1564
- John Knox Escocia, 1505-1572
10John Wyclif 1324-1384
- Tradujo la Vulgata al Inglés
Se opuso a las
indulgencias, idolos, sacerdocio. - El Papa es el anticristo.
Sus
seguidores fueron conocidos como Lollards - Se le declaró hereje en 1401
11John Huss 1374-1415 Bohemia
- Influenciado por Wyclif
La
Biblia es la única autoridad
Solo
Dios puede perdonar los pecados
Quemado en la estaca
Los
Hussitas fueron virtualmente aniquilados por la
Inquisición - Iglesias Brethren y Moravian
12John Huss, quemado en la estaca, en el año 1415
13Martin Lutero 1483-1546
Monje Agustiano 95 Tesis en Wittenburg Estudio de
Romanos Solo la Fe Solo las Escrituras
Predestinación Libro de Santiago, un Libro de
paja. Mantuvo muchas de las practicas de los
Católicos en el culto
14Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
Reformista suizo Más radical que Lutero Rechazó
casi todas las formas de adoración de los
católicos. Difiere en cuanto a la Cena del
Señor Su influencia dio origen a los
Anabaptistas Principal influencia en Juan Calvino
15El Movimiento Anabaptista (1530s y después) La
Reforma Radical
Menno Simmons 1496-1561
Martirio de los Anabaptistas
16El Movimiento Anabaptista (cont.)
- Bautismo por inmersion de adultos después de la
confesión de fe para la salvación. - La Biblia es la única autoridad.
- Separación de la iglesia y el Estado.
- Enfatizó ambos, la vida y la doctrina
- Pacifistas (usualmente)
- Muchos martirios
- Comenzaron siendo evangelísticos, pero se
convirtieron en exclusivistas y retirados.
(Menonitas, Amish, Hutterites - Tendió a dividirse constantemente sobre cosas no
importantes
17Juan Calvino 1509-1564
- Influenciado muy fuertemente por Zwingli
- Fuertemente influenciado por la teología de
Agustin - El teólogo más influyente de la Reforma
- Enfatizó la Teología Historica/Testamentaria
- Escribio Institutos de la Religion Cristiana
- Estableció una gobierno eclesiastico en Ginebra.
- Mejor conocido por su fuerte enfasis en la
Predestinación - TULIP
18TULIP
- Total depravity of mankind
- (Depravación total de la humanidad)
- Unconditional election
- (Elección incondicional)
- Limited atonement
- (Expiación limitada)
- Irresistible grace
- (Gracia irresistible)
- final Preservation of the saints
- (la conservación final de los santos)
19Otros importantes personajes de la Reforma
- William Tyndale Tradujo el NT desde el griego y
el AT desde el hebreo. - KJV fue una revisión de Tyndale.
- Martirizado en 1536.
- John Knox 1505-1572. Llevó el Calvinismo a
Escocia. Dio origen a la iglesia Presbiterana. - Puritanos. Inglaterra. Autonomía
Congregacional. Dio logar a la Iglesia
Congregacional - Bautistas. Agregaron el bautismo al Calvinismo.
- Quakers. Literalmente quaked (temblados).
Carismáticos, movimiento emocional.
20Jacob Arminius (1569-1609)
- Arminianism
- Semi-Pelagianism?
- Opposed supralapsarianism
- Prevenient grace. God foreknows, but does not
predetermine. - Calvinism makes God the author of sin.
- Methodists, Restoration Movement
21The Stone/Campbell Movement
- Restoration or Reformation?
22Influences
- Francis Bacon and inductive logic the scientific
approach to the facts of the Bible. - John Locke the Christian Philosopher
- The Scottish school of Common Sense Philosophy
(Adam Smith, Thomas Reid, etc.) - The Seceder Presbyterians, the Sandemanians and
other radical restorationist sects.
23James OKelly We are Christians simply
24Rice Haggard 1769-1819
One thing I know, that whenever non-essentials
are made terms of communion, it will never fail
to have a tendency to disunite and scatter the
church of Christ.
25Barton W. Stone 1772-1844The heart of the
movement
The Cane Ridge Revival The Last Will and
Testament of the Springfield Presbytery Let
Christian Unity be our Polar Star. I do, so
far as I see it consistent with the word of God.
26The Presbytery of Springfield, sitting at Cane
Ridge, in the county of Bourbon, being, through a
gracious Providence, in more than ordinary bodily
health, growing in strength and size daily and
in perfect soundness and composure of mind but
knowing what it is appointed for all delegated
bodies once to die and considering that the life
of every such body is very uncertain, do take,
and ordain this our Last Will and Testament, in
manner and following,. And with that the
Springfield Presbytery no longer existed and the
Stone movement began.
27Thomas Campbell 1763-1851
Emigrated to Pennsylvania 1807 Suspended by
Presbyterian Church The Declaration and Address
1809 Principles for unity of Christians.
28Alexander Campbell 1788-1866The mind of the
movement
Joined Thomas from Scotland 1809 Believers only
baptism 1812 Campbell/Walker Debate 1820 The
Millennial Harbinger 1830 Bethany College 1840
29Walter Scott (1796-1861)
First evangelist in the movement Restored the
gospel in 1827 The five step plan of
salvation Scotts faith, repentance, baptism,
remission of sins, Holy Spirit CoC today hear,
believe, repent, confess, be baptized
30The crowning event of the early years
- 1824 Stone and Campbell met for the first time
- Decided to form a unified movement
- Problems
- Christian (Stonites) or Disciple
(Campbellites) - 2. Emotional vs intellectual movements
(preachers vs teachers) - Teaching on baptism
- Ordination of ministers
- 5. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit
31Hermeneutics of the Movement
Command, Example and Necessary
Demonstrations. Where the Bible speaks, we
speak, where the Bible is silent, we are
silent Sought Bible facts. Weak on
principles. Tended toward legalism.
32The Turning Point
Were they a unity movement (a reformation) or a
restoration movement? Stone and Campbell favored
reformation (example the Christadelphians) Walte
r Scott, Benjamin Franklin, Tolbert Fanning,
David Lipscomb and others moved toward
restoration. Sought the perfect pattern.
33The Dominating Influences in the Movement
- The Colleges (Bethany College, David Lipscomb
College, etc.) - The Periodicals (editor/bishops) (The
Millennial Harbinger, The American Christian
Review, The Gospel Advocate, Firm Foundation,
etc.) - These were forces for unity and for division
34Points of disunity/division
- Evangelism and inter-church organization (the
Missionary Society) - The Civil War pacifism, slavery, etc. (The
Missionary Society supported the North) - The instrument. Moses Lard No preacher
should enter a church where an organ stands. - Daniel Sommer and David Lipscomb.
- 1906 US Census acknowledged two separate groups
The Church of Christ and the Christian
Church/Disciples of Christ.
35David Lipscomb (1831-1917) Father of the Church
of Christ Founder of Lipscomb University Editor
of the Gospel Advocate 1866-1917
Daniel Sommer Watchdog for the
brotherhood. Daniel Sommer was a militant who
left a legacy of legalistic wrangling and divided
congregations.
36Other Controversies
- One cup, Sunday School, anti churches
- Premillennialism
- For the Christian Church/Disciples of Christ The
Ecumenical Movement. Open Membership. - UCMS (United Christian Missionary Society) vs.
NACC (North American Christian Convention) - Two denominations by about 1950
37Lessons to be learned
- Unity is extremely difficult to maintain without
strong hierarchical structure. - Separating essential matters from the
non-essential is harder than we think. - A movement without a strong hierarchical
structure needs instruments to maintain unity. - Careful thinking about theology, church structure
and history are required for long term growth and
unity. - It is extremely difficult to avoid overreacting
to groups with whom we disagree.
38Book Recommendations Reviving the Ancient Faith
(Hughes) The Stone Campbell Movement
(Garrett) Into All Nations (Foster
Stanback) The Search for the Ancient Order (West)
39Crossroads/Boston/ICOC Movement
- 1960s College Chairs Within CoC
- 1967 Chuck Lucas 14th Street CoC (Crossroads
CoC) - Soul talks
- Prayer partners
- Emphasis on evangelism
- After 1975 campus ministries
- Tom Brown, Andy Lindo, Kip McKean, etc
- Many church splits resulted
- 1979 Kip McKean, Lexington/Boston CoC
- sold out disciples only in the church
- Amazing growth
- Emphasis on world evangelism
- Vertical discipling trees, uniformity and
simplicity of methodology
40Boston/LA/ICOC movement (cont.)
- Chuck Lucas resigns at Crossroads CoC 1985
- Official split with CoC 1986
- Whos fault was it?
- Church Reconstructions 1988
- You are in or you are out
- Evangelization Proclamation 1994
- Kip McKean removed as world evangelist/head of
the movement November, 2001 - Kreite letter/ICOC structure falls apart Feb
2003 - Attempts at para-church organization, the unity
letter
41Hermeneutics of CoC and ICOC
- Alexander Campbell Where the Bible speaks, we
speak, where the Bible is silent, we are silent. - Kip McKean Where the Bible speaks, we are
silent, where the Bible is silent, we speak. - CoC Strong emphasis on Bible Study, Bible
colleges - Kip McKean Anti-intellectual tendency and
skeptical of theological training.
42Where Should We Go From Here?
- Balance of autonomy and cooperation
- Finding a healthy model for discipling/implement
ing one another passages - Meeting the needs of mature disciples without
losing our simple evangelistic pleacontinuing to
raise up young leaders - Appointing and finding the best role for elders
and a balance with the role of evangelists (and
teachers as well) - Our formal and informal relationship with
mainline CoC and other groups.