Title: Livestock Perspectives on Bio-energy co-products
1Livestock Perspectives on Bio-energy co-products
2Feeding DDGS to IN Livestock
- Specie Diet inclusion tons / year
- Swine 10 274,950
- Dairy 20 263,000
- Repl. Heifers 30 70,000
- Poultry 10 177,390
- Beef/cow-calf var. 47,477
- TOTAL 832,817
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Est. production of DDGS 1.4 M tons
3DDGS Nutritional Issues
- Variability in available amino acids
- Lys digestibility range 60 to 84
- Novus Intl. in vitro assay (r2 0.88)
4Amino Acid Digestibility ()
Novus Intl., 2006
5High Dig. Lys.
Low Dig. Lys.
6DDGS Nutritional Issues
- Variability in available amino acids
- Lys digestibility range 60 to 84
- Variability in available energy
- ME ranges between 2629 to 2981 kcal/kg
- Variability in phosphorus
- Total P, Available P, total P
- Corn 0.3 20 to 30
- DDGS 0.75 60 to 80
7DDGS Nutritional Issues
- Variability in sodium content (corn0.02)
- 0.05 to 0.17 Typical diet 0.18
- Pelleting molasses balls from solubles cause
gumming of dies reducing throughput and pellet
durability - INCONSISTENCY (w/in between plants)
- Mycotoxins (concentrated 3X)
- Sulfur content (0.4 to 0.8 vs corn 0.12)
8SBM vs DDGS
- DDGS contains 62 of the protein of SBM SBM 44
or 48 DDGS 27 - DDGS contains 30 of the total lysine of SBM SBM
2.83 DDGS 0.84 - DDGS contains 16 of the available lysine SBM
2.41 DDGS 0.39
9Feed Manufacturing Issues
- Flow rates (handling / transportation)
- Bridging- bad with high inclusion rates
- Particle size? ( lt 400 to gt 600 um)
- Separation/settling issues?
- Pelletability?
- Wet feeding - spoilage
10Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS
- Effect on Animal Performance (including
reproductive performance) ? - Effect on Product Quality ?
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12Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS
- Effect on Animal Performance (including
reproductive performance) ? - Effect on Product Quality ?
- Effect on Nutrient Management ?
- Producer Education
13Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
14Co-products in Dry Grind Corn Process
One bushel of Corn
Corn Dry Grind Facility
2.5-2.7 gal of Ethanol
15-17 lbs of DDGS
V. Singh, UIUC
15Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind 2. Modified dry grind
recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a
horizontal drum degerminator 3. Quick germ quick
fiber recovers germ and pericarp fiber by
soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with
alpha-amylase
16Coproducts from Modified Dry Grind and Quick Germ
Quick Fiber Processes
Corn Dry Grind Facility
One bushel Corn
2.6 gal Ethanol
Dry Degerm Defiber Process
4 lb Germ
7.0 lb Residual DDGS
4 lb Pericarp Fiber
V. Singh, UIUC
17Effect of Processing Technology on Nutrient
Content of DDGS ()1
Conventional Modified Quick
germComponent dry grind dry grind quick
fiber Protein 21 25 28 Fat 14 9 6 Fiber
(TDF) 36 28 25 Lysine 0.73 0.63 0.91 Phospho
rus, 0.78 0.47 1.12 1 dry matter basis.
Parsons et al., 2006
18Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind 2. Modified dry grind
recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a
horizontal drum degerminator 3. Quick germ quick
fiber recovers germ and pericarp fiber by
soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with
alpha-amylase 4. Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill)
uses enzymes to recover additional endosperm fiber
19Coproducts from Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill)
Corn Dry Grind Facility
One bushel Corn
2.6 gal Ethanol
Quick Germ
Quick Fiber
E-Mill
3.3 lb Germ
3.7 lb Residual DDGS
4 lb Pericarp Fiber
4 lb Endosperm Fiber
V. Singh, UIUC
20Overall Issues with DDGS
- Product Variation
- Handling, Storage, Transportation
- Effect on Animal Performance
- Effect on Product Quality
- Effect on Nutrient Management
- Producer Education
21Glycerol from Bio-diesel
- 10 of production
- What to do with off-spec for human / industrial
use? - Can use up to 10 in diets (CHO energy )
- Purity vs. cost?
- Pellet binder?
- Change in animal fat composition / amount
- Handling issues?
22Helpful Resources
- http//www.ddgs.umn.edu/
- http//ilift.traill.uiuc.edu/distillers/