What is genetics?

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What is genetics?

• 01. Genetics is the study of inherited traits.

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Where is genetic information stored?

• 02. Genetic information is stored in the nucleus.

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What is DNA?

• 03. DNA is a biological molecule that has atoms
  arranged in a code for inherited traits.

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How many chromosomes are in each somatic (body)
cell?

• 04. There are 46 chromosomes in each somatic
  cell.

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How many chromosomes are there in each germ (sex)
cell?

• 05. There are 23 chromosomes in each germ cell.

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What is a karyotype?

• 06. A karyotype is arranged pictures of
  chromosomes.

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If a mother and father have a baby boy, how did
the boy inherit his gender?

• 07. A baby boy inherits its gender by getting a
  Y chromosome from the Dad and an X chromosome
  from the Mom.

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01. What is an allele?

• 01. An allele is a variation of a gene.

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02. Define the word homozygous.

• 02. Homozygous is having two or more alleles
  that are all the same.

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03. Define the word heterozygous.

• 03. Heterozygous is having two or more alleles
  that are different from each other.

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04. Define the word genotype.

• 04. A genotype is a list of alleles that an
  organism has.

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05. Define the word phenotype.

• 05. A phenotype is what an organism looks like.

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06. Define the word dominant, as it pertains to
genetic traits.

• 06. Dominant is a trait that is always expressed
  when present. Only one allele is needed for the
  trait to be expressed.

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07. Define the word recessive, as it pertains to
genetic traits.

• 07. Recessive is a trait that is hidden by the
  dominant trait when the dominant trait is
  present. The recessive trait is only expressed
  when homozygous.

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01. Explain a co-dominant pattern of heredity.

• 01. A co-dominant pattern is when both alleles
  for a gene are expressed at the same time.

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02. Explain a sex-linked pattern of heredity.

• 02. A sex-linked pattern is when the alleles for
  a trait are on the sex chromosomes and are
  inherited with the sex chromosomes.

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03. Explain a pattern of heredity that results
from multiple alleles.

• 03. When more than two alleles produce numerous
  variations in a gene, this pattern of variations
  is the result of multiple alleles.

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04. Explain a pattern of heredity that results
from polygenic inheritance.

• 04. Polygenic inheritance is when more than two
  genes are needed in order for a trait to be
  expressed.

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05. Define the word pedigree.

• 05. A pedigree is a graphic representation of an
  individuals inherited traits.

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06. Define the word carrier.

• 06. A carrier is an individual who has a
  recessive trait that can be passed to offspring.

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07. Name a genetic disorder and explain how it is
inherited.

• 07. Cystic Fibrosis is inherited by receiving a
  recessive allele from each parent (so are
  Parkinsons and PKU Huntingtons is an inherited
  dominant trait).

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01. What is a diploid number of chromosomes and
where are they found?

• 01. A somatic cell with two of each kind of
  chromosome, or 2n number of chromosomes, is
  called a diploid cell.

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02. What is a haploid number of chromosomes and
where are they found?

• 02. A germ cell with one of each kind of
  chromosome, or n number of chromosomes, is called
  a haploid cell.

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03. What are homologous chromosomes?

• 03. Homologous chromosomes are similar, paired
  chromosomes that have the genes in the same
  order, but may have different alleles for the
  same genes.

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04. What is a zygote?

• 04. The cell that results from the sperm
  fertilizing an egg it has a diploid number of
  chromosomes.

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05. What is the result of meiosis?

• 05. The result of meiosis is genetic
  recombination and a haploid number of chromosomes
  in specialized cells called gametes.

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06. What are the four basic stages of cell
division?

• 06. The four basic phases of cell division are
  prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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07. What is crossing over and during what phase
of meiosis does crossing over occur?

• 07. When homologous chromosomes come together in
  tetrads, sometimes they exchange genetic
  information. This happens during prophase I in
  meiosis.