Kinesiology The anatomy of physical activity

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KinesiologyThe anatomy of physical activity
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Anterior
Posterior
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Superior (Above)
Inferior (Below)
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Anatomical Planes
or Imaginary flat surfaces that divide the human
body into unique segments
1 divides body for further identification of
particular area 2 allows description of
different movements or actions
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1 Median or Midsagittal (Lilac) 2 Frontal or
Coronal (Green) 3 Transverse or Horizontal
(Purple)
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• 1 Flexion
• reduces the angle between two bones at a joint
• 2 Extension
• increases the angle between two bones at a joint

Sagittal Plane
Sagittal Plane
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• 1 Dorsiflexion
• bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg
  or shin
• 2 Plantar flexion
• planting the foot

Sagittal Plane
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• 1 Abduction
• moving a segment away from the midline of the
  body
• 2 Adduction
• moving segment toward the midline of the body

Frontal Plane
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• Rotation
• When a force is not exerted along a line that
  passes through a bodys center of gravity
  (eccentric force), the body will experience
  angular (rotary) motion

Transverse Plane
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• 1 Pronation (Prone Position)
• when the palm is moved to face posterior
• 2 Supination (Supine position)
• when the palm is moved to face anterior

Transverse Plane
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Center of Gravity
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Nomenclature and Planes AgainMore examples
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1. Posterior/Anterior 2. Lateral/Medial 3.
Dorsal and Ventral 4. Superior and Inferior
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Horizontal Slice
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Sagittal Slice
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Coronal Slice
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The Skeletal SystemWhat is it and how is it
important?
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rigid internal frameworkarea to attach
musclesproducing movementprotection of
organsprovides red blood cellsminerals (Ca2)
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• According to the degree of porosity, bone can be
  classified into two general categories

• 1. Compact bone
• (low porosity)
• 2. Spongy or cancellous
• bone
• (high porosity)

Bone General Structure
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• 1. Short - Support
• 2. Long Leverage
• 3. Flat - Protection
• 4. Irregular Multi

Structure-Function Relationship
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• 1. Short - Support
• 2. Long Leverage
• 3. Flat - Protection
• 4. Irregular Multi

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• 1. Short - Support
• 2. Long Leverage
• 3. Flat - Protection
• 4. Irregular Multi

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• 1. Short - Support
• 2. Long Leverage
• 3. Flat - Protection
• 4. Irregular Multi

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• 1. Short - Support
• 2. Long Leverage
• 3. Flat - Protection
• 4. Irregular Multi

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The Skeletal SystemAxial and Appendicular
skeleton
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• Axial Skeleton
• 1 Skull
• 2 Sternum
• 3 Ribs
• 4 Vertebral Column

Skeleton
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• Appendicular Skeleton
• 1 The pectoral girdle (chest)
• 2 Pelvic girdle (hip)
• 3 The upper limbs
• 4 The lower limbs

Skeleton
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• 1 A joint is a point of connection between two
  bones
• 2 Strands of connective tissue and ligaments
  hold the bones together and ensure the stability
  of joints

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• Joints can be classified partly on the basis of
  the material that joins them
• 1. Fibrous joints
• Allow no movement
• E.g., sutures of the skull
• 2. Cartilaginous joints
• Allow limited movement
• E.g., inter-vertebral discs
• 3. Synovial joints
• Allow large range of movements
• E.g., hip joint

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Synovial Joint The Knee
Synovial Joint
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Structure-Function Relationship
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• 1. Ball and Socket Joint
• 2. Condyloid Joint
• 3. Saddle-shaped joint
• 4. Hinge Joint
• 5. Pivot Joint

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Common disorders of the skeletal SystemWhy
should we be active?
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Some Common Skeletal Disorders

• Osteoporosis weakening of bone
• Osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease
• Fracture broken or splinter bone
• Sprain connective tissue issues
• Scoliosis excess sideways curvature of spine
• Kyphosis rounding forward of upper spine
• Spina Bifida involves spinal cord exposure

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Finally - What about physical activity and bone
integrity?Why should we be active?