Covalent Bonds

1
Covalent Bonds
2
Ionic Bonds Review

• Valence electrons are given or taken
• Metals and nonmetals only! (Polyatomic ions)
• Form ions (charged particles)

3
Covalent Bonds

• Share valence electrons
• Follow octet rule8 valence electrons
• Nonmetals and nonmetals
• No ions
• Number of valence electrons needed is the of
  bonds formed

4
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Rule 1
• Element with lower group number is written first
• Example Oxygen Carbon
• Phosphorus Sulfur

5
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Exception to Rule 1
• When compound contains oxygen and a halogen, name
  of halogen is first.
• Example Oxygen Fluorine
• Bromine Oxygen

6
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Rule 2
• If both elements are in same group, element with
  higher period number is listed first.
• Example Selenium Sulfur
• Nitrogen Phosphorus

7
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Rule 3
• The second element in the name is named as if it
  were an anion. That is, drop the last part of
  the element name and add ide

8
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Rule 4
• Greek prefixes are added to each element name to
  indicate the number of atoms of each in the
  compound.

9
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Greek Prefixes
• Mono one
• Di two
• Tri three
• Tetra four
• Penta five

10
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Greek Prefixes (cont.)
• Hexa six
• Hepta seven
• Octa eight
• Nona nine
• Deca ten

11
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Exception to rule 4
• If compound contains one atom of the element that
  is written first, mono is NOT used
• COcarbon monoxide NOT monocarbon monoxide

12
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Help with spelling
• When the addition of Greek prefix causes an a
  and an o to be adjacent to one another, the
  vowel at the end of the Greek prefix is usually
  dropped.

13
Naming Covalent Compounds

• Help with spelling
• Example nonaoxidenonoxide
• monooxidemonoxide

14
Naming Covalent Compounds

• More help with spelling
• The i at the end of di- and tri- is NEVER
  dropped.

15
Practice Name these

1. NF3
2. ClO2
3. P4S10
4. CS2
5. BrF3

16
Answers

1. Nitrogen trifluoride
2. Chlorine dioxide
3. Tetraphosphorus decasulfide
4. Carbon disulfide
5. Bromine trifluoride

17
Practice Write formulas

1. Disulfur decafluoride
2. Sulfur dioxide
3. Iodine monochloride
4. Antimony trichloride
5. Phosphorus pentafluoride

18
Answers

1. S2F10
2. SO2
3. ICl
4. SbCl3
5. PF5