Making Comparisons, the Pill, and Risk Factors for Mental Stress

1
Making Comparisons, the Pill, and Risk Factors
for Mental Stress
2
Types of Variable Relationships

• Positive
• Negative
• None
• Curvilinear

3
Positive Relationshipexamples (1) of times a
person goes to church each month and the
likelihood that they voted for Pres. Bush (2)
years of education and salary expectations (3)
a mans level of professional success and his
likelihood of marrying and having a family
(Sylvia Ann Hewletts book __Creating a Life__)

Dependent variable
-
-

Independent variable
4
Negative Relationshipexamples (1) self esteem
and paranoia (2) income and who smoke or who
are obese (3) years an immigrant has lived in
the U.S. and his/her health status(4) a
womans level of professional success and her
likelihood of marrying or having children
(Sylvia Ann Hewletts book __Creating a Life__)

Dependent variable
-
-

Independent variable
5
No Relationshipexamples (1) consumer confidence
surveys and economic forecasting (2) employees
distance from work and rate of lateness (3)
start-up companys amount of capital and chance
of success(4) SAT I score and cumulative College
G.P.A.

Dependent variable
-
-

Independent variable
6
Curvilinear Relationshipsexamples?

Dependent variable
-
-

Independent variable
7
(No Transcript)
8
Gregory Pincus, Ph.D. and John Rock, M.D.,
1953-1960
9
What is natural for women? 28 days?

• Univ. of Michigan Anthropologist Beverly
  Strassman and her research on womens fertility
  in Africa 100 vs. 400 lifetime menses

10
Japanese women, U.S. women, and breast cancer

• "Female cancers are largely preventable,"
  says University of Southern California
• (USC) professor Malcolm Pike.
• "All you have to do," he added as a daunting
• caveat, "is live like a hunter-gatherer."
  That
• is, tailor diet and exercise to delay
  menarche (the start of menstruation) until age
  17, have
• children often and start early (age 19), and
• breastfeed them for a long time.
• Malcolm Pike, M.D., USC
• Control group Japanese women who came to the
  U.S.

11
Womens Changing Fertility Rates Over Time
12
An Opt-Out Revolution?
13
Negative Correlation Hypothesis

• Anthropologist Sara Blaffer Hrdy Female
  primates are just as competitive as male primates
  in that they seek status within their social
  order. So it would follow that women strive for
  status too.
• But there is a qualifier When primates compete,
  they do so in ways that increase the survival
  chances of their offspring. In other words, they
  do it for their children.
• At this moment in Western civilization, Hrdy
  says, seeking clout in a male world does not
  correlate with child well-being. Today, striving
  for status usually means leaving your children
  with an au pair whos just there for a year, or
  in inadequate day care.
• So its not that women arent competitive its
  just that they dont want to compete along the
  lines that are not compatible with their other
  goals.

14
Correlations between Gender and Stress at UR
15
Correlations between Gender and Stress at UR
16
(No Transcript)
17
NYT, March25,2005