Prevent Disease

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Prevent Disease. .Wash your Hands
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The Most common mode of transmission of
pathogens is from your hands!
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• Handwashing
• Major aspect of standard precautions
• Remember the times hands should be washed
• Before and after patient contact
• When visibly dirty
• Before and after donning gloves

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• CDC Writes the rules for standard precautions
• Basis
• All patients pose a risk to healthcare workers
• Every body fluid must be considered a potential
  for infection

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Standard Precautions

• OSHA
• In 1991 OSHA established the Bloodborne
  Pathogen Standard
• To protect Healthcare workers
• you must be provided PPE
• You must be offered Hep B
• vaccine for free
• you must be given a free medical
• evaluation if you are exposed
  accidentally

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PPE

• PPE (personal protective equipment)

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Gowns
help prevent contamination of clothing

• use for any procedure that might cause splashing
  or spraying
• Examples delivering a baby, surgical procedures
  and suctioning.

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GLOVES

• Whenever in contact with blood or body fluids
• When handling contaminated items
• When performing invasive procedures
• If there are breaks in the skin

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Additional PPE

• Masks and Protective eyewear
• worn for any procedure that might cause
  splashing or spraying
• Use only once and discard
• Change every 30 minutes

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Methods of infection control

• (1) Autoclave (Sterilization)
• uses steam under pressure or gas
• most efficient method
• items are washed before wrapping
• indicators on or inside wrap
• time period varies
• items must dry before removal
• items remain sterile for 30 days

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• Sterile technique
• Use for invasive procedures
• sterile dressing changes etc.
• Sterile fields can be created with towels
  (2 inch border)
• Never reach across the sterile field
• Different methods
• drop
• mitten
• forceps

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Methods of Infection Control (cont)

• 2. chemicals (disinfection)
• may not kill spores or viruses
• disinfects (not sterilize) i.e.
  alcohol, bleach
• 3. ultrasonic units (cavitations)

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ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
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Maintaining Isolation

• Four classifications
• reverse (protective)
• Airborne (droplets remain suspended)
• droplet (large particles expelled during
  coughing)
• contact (GI, Resp., skin, wound)

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• BIOHAZARDS
• Sharp objects
• dispose of in sharps containers
• puncture resistant
• Spills wipe up immediately if more than 50cc use
  a spill kit
• Use of biohazard trash bags when items are soiled
  with blood