Twelve Powerful Words

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Twelve Powerful Words

• and a Review of UNRAAVEL

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UNRAAVELsteps to success

• U-Underline the Title
• N-Now Predict the Passage
• R-Run Through and Number the Paragraphs
• A-Are You Reading the Questions?
• A-Are the Important Words Circled?
• V-Venture (Read) Through the Passage
• E-Eliminate Any Obviously Wrong Answers
• L-Let the Questions Be Answered

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Twelve Powerful Word

• Understanding What the test questions are
  wanting from you is critical in test taking.

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Definitions

• trace _______List in Steps. Outline._____________
  ___________________________________________
• analyze___ Break apart. Tear down.
  __________________________________________________
  __
• infer _______Read between the Lines. Make an
  educated guess._____________________
• evaluate ___Judge. Check.________________________
  ________________________________________
• formulate __Build. Create.___ ___________________
  _________________________________________
• describe ____Tell all about it.___________________
  ___________________________________________
• support _____Back up with details.________________
  _______________________________________
• explain _____Tell how. _________________________
  ___________________________________________
• summarize _Give me the short version._____________
  ____________________________________
• compare ___All the ways they are
  alike.___________________________

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Steps leading to the Trail of Tears

Thomas Jefferson, as the third President of the
United States, purchased land from Napoleon of
France. He bought in 1803 the Louisiana Purchase
for 15 million dollars. This purchase doubled
the country in size. Jefferson had Lewis and
Clark explore and document their findings about
this new land. They explored about 8,000 miles
of land in the West. They were aided by Native
Americans, the most known was Sacajawea.
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After Lewis and Clarks expedition people began
to venture west. Some travelers to the land now
known as Oklahoma found it hot and dry and
considered it part of the The Great American
Desert. Other explorers who came found that its
land really had a lot to offer. American
trappers and traders came in search of fur, which
lead to some trading settlements. Of course the
Native Americans in the area, now called the
Plains Indians, traveled the land following the
buffalo. The buffalo was their main source of
food and clothing. They used the hides for
blankets, rugs, and teepees, a cone-shaped tent
made with wooden poles and animal skins. They
also found berries and roots to eat and wonderful
spring waters that bubbled to the surface such as
those in south central Oklahoma.
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But the fate of Oklahoma was altered in just a
few years. The next few presidents, after Thomas
Jefferson, dealt with a growing nation and
troubles with the British, French, and Spanish
over control over the borders. Andrew Jackson
was the seventh President of our country. He was
born near the border between North Carolina and
South Carolina in 1767. Andrews father died
before Andrew was born. In 1780, Andrew fought
for America during the American Revolution. He
was 13 years old. Andrews two brothers died
during the American Revolution. His mother also
died during the war. Andrew had to live by
himself when he was only 14 years old. After the
war, Andrew studied law and became a
lawyer. Andrew Jackson wanted to help his
country during the War of 1812. A large group of
Native Americans called the Creeks lived in the
South. The Creeks helped the British during the
War of 1812. Andrew Jackson led his soldiers
against the Creeks. Americans fought the Creeks
for many months.
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Another group of Native Americans was the
Cherokees. They fought with Americans against
the Creeks. In March 1814, the Creeks lost an
important battle in Alabama. They surrendered to
Andrew Jackson and stopped fighting the
Americans. The Creeks had to give most of their
land in Alabama and Georgia to the Americans.
Jackson and his soldiers also fought Native
Americans in Florida. Florida belonged to Spain.
In 1819, Spain sold Florida to the United States
for five million dollars. Andrew Jackson became
a hero. People liked him because he won the
battle against the Creeks and the Battle of New
Orleans. Andrew Jackson became President of the
United States in 1828.
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Another famous person who fought the Creek was
Sequoyah. Sequoyah was a Cherokee who helped
Americans fight the Creeks. The Cherokees spoke
their own language, but they did not know how to
write their language. The Cherokees, like other
Native Americans, did not have an alphabet.
Sequoyah decided to help his people learn to read
and write. He carefully studied the Cherokee
language. By 1821, Sequoyah had made an alphabet
for the Cherokee language with 86
letters. Sequoyah helped the Cherokees learn to
read and write with his alphabet. The Cherokees
started the first Native American newspaper.
They printed books. The Cherokees started
schools and soon almost every Cherokee could read
and write Sequoyahs alphabet.
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President Jackson believed that Native Americans
should move west and sent some tribes to the
lands near the Mississippi. Chickasaws were a
Native American tribe that went to the
Mississippi area first. People in the East
wanted to have more Native American lands.
Jackson forced the Native Americans to move
across the Mississippi River to what is now
Oklahoma, but known then as Indian Territory.
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Starting in 1835, thousands of Native Americans
were forced to move. Although the Supreme Court
said they didnt have to move, Andrew Jackson
forced them to move. The Cherokees were forced
to move west. So were the Chickasaw, Choctaw,
and the Creek. Americans in the East were happy
because they had more land, but the Native
Americans were unhappy. They did not want to
leave their homes, farms, and villages in the
East. Their sad trip to the West was later
called the Trail of Tears. Many Native Americans
became sick and died during the long, hard trip.
Sometimes they had to walk in freezing cold
weather through deep snow. At night they had
little or no shelter for protection. Diseases
spread quickly. Thousands of people died along
the way. Only one out of three Indians, who left
the Southeast, ever made it to a new home in
Indian Territory.
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Another brave Native American was Osceola. He
would not move west. Osceola was the leader of
the Seminoles in Florida. He led his people in
battles against the American army, until he was
captured. He was sent to jail where he became
sick and died. After Osceola died most of the
Seminoles moved west, but some stayed in Florida.
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While Jackson was President, some states did not
want to obey the laws made by Congress. People
in South Carolina didnt want to pay tariffs. A
tariff is a tax on goods from Europe. They
didnt want to pay tariffs for the goods, but
Andrew Jackson said that all states must obey the
laws of the United States. He threatened to send
warships to South Carolina, so they obeyed the
laws and paid the tariffs. Andrew Jackson was
President for eight years. He was called the
Peoples President. He believed that all
people, both rich and poor, should work for their
country. Jackson died in 1845.
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Once in Oklahoma, the Native Americans built
homes and planted crops. Herds of their cattle
grazed on the prairies. They set up new
businesses and traded goods. Each of the Five
Tribes drew up its own constitution, or plan of
government. Schools were created and children
were educated. The Native Americans began to get
the most they could from this new land, including
wildlife and natural healing waters that were
abundant in the South Central part of the Indian
Territory.
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Review what we learned today Steps to UNRAAVEL
are what? What are the 12 powerful words? How do
you approach the questions that go with this
short historical essay that we read?