GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY

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The Madras Progressive Union

Higher secondary School Chennai - 600 079

• GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY
  
  
• Mrs.C.D.Anuradha P.R.Parthiban
• 
  R.Rajasekar
• 
  J.Krishna moorthy
• 
  D.Sathishkumar
• 
  P.Rajesh

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CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

• The important chemical industries
• Petroleum industries
• Soap industries
• Match industries
• Fertilizers industries
• Composition of L.P.G

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PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES

• Petroleum is a dark coloured oily
  liquid with a characteristic odour .It is a
  mixture of hydrocarbons formed by decomposition
  of plant and animal remains buried inside the
  earth.
• In India Petroleum oil wells are found
  in
• 1.Ankles war and Kalol in
  Gujarat.
• 2.Rudrasagar and Lakwa in
  Assam.
• 3.Mumbai high
• Petroleum is extracted by drilling holes in
  the earths crust and sinking pipes until the
  drill penetrates the oil bearing sands sometimes
  the oil rushes out through due to the pressure
  exerted by natural gas inside. If the pressure of
  the gas diminishes, the oil is obtained by
  plumping. The crude oil thus obtained is then
  taken to refineries.
• Petroleum is separated into its constituents
  by the process of fractional Crude oil consist of
  a mixture of various gases,liquid,solids,semisolid
  s of hydrocarbons,water,salt,earth
  particles and many useful organic compounds.

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MATCH INDUSTRY

• 1. Preparation of match sticks
• Wooden sticks are dipped first in
  wax. Then they are dipped in a paste containing
  antimony sulphide, potassium chlorate and
  sulphur.
• 2. Preparation of match box sides
• The side of match box is
  coated with a paste containing red phosphorous,
  powdered glass and glue.
• When the match stick is
  rubbed against the sides of the match box red
  phosphorous is ignited, a tiny spark is produced.
  It ignites antimony sulphide, sulphur and the
  match stick.

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FERTILISER INDUSTRY

• Fertilizers and their types
• There are two types of fertilizers,
  natural and artificial fertilizers.
• The bulk of natural fertilizers
  comes in the form of farm yard manure, rotten
  vegetables.
• Artificial fertilizers or
  chemicals fertilizers are chemical Substance
  which enrich the soil with essential plant
  nutrients nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium
  (N,P,K)
• There are three types of
  chemical fertilizers
• 1.Nitrogenous fertilizers
  (e.g. Ammonium sulphate)
• 2.Phosphatic fertilizers (
  e.g. Calcium super phosphate)
• 3.Potash fertilizers (e.g.
  Potassium chloride)

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COMPOSITION OF L.P.G

• L.P.G or Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a gaseous
  fuel.L.P.G commonly used for domestic heating
  purpose.
• L.P.G mainly contains butane along with
  small amounts of propane,iso butane,butylenes
  etc.,
• The liquid petroleum gas produced by Indian
  Oil Corporation(IOC)is known as Indane.Indane
  is a mixture of butane and propane.
• The gases are compressed into liquid and
  filled in cylinders.As the knob is opened they
  become gaseous due to release in pressure.
• LP gases are colourless odourless.In order to
  detect gas leakages, a foul smelling substance
  like ethyl mercaptan(thioalcohol) is in small
  quantity in LP Gases.

BUTANE CYLINDER
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PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES

• AIR POLLUTION
• Air,water and land constitute mans
  environment.The introduction of harmful materials
  into the air,water and soil is environmental
  pollution.
• It is mainly caused by smoke
  containing carbon particles,ashes,metallic
  particles produced by burning of coal, petroleum
  etc.
• .
• 1. WATER POLLUTION
• It is caused by
  hazardous pollutants like acids,bases,dyestuffs,ca
  dmium,mercury,many salts,cyanide effluents from
  electroplating process, crude oil spillages in
  factories etc.
• SOLID POLLUTION
• It is caused as
  the industrial wastes gets accumulated in the
  soil.salts discharged during metellurgical
  process carbon from coal mines,excessive
  fertilisers in the soil.

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