- European CDM -

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- European CDM -
Common Awareness
This presentation illustrates the idea, which
lies at the heart of the CDM concept, of
establishing a Common Situational Awareness for
the extended enterprise consisting of all those
involved in the operation and management of air
traffic.
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This illustration is based on an example of
disruption, but the ideas are equally applicable
in day-to-day operations.
Collaborative Decision Making
www.euro-cdm.org
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for more information
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The extended enterprise
Many different organisations contribute to the
operation and management of civil air transport
flights
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Apron Control
Airport Resources Manager
Airline Flight Operations
CFMU
Airline Dispatch
Handling Agents
Pilot
En-Route ATC
ATC Tower
Approach ATC
Ground Movements Control
Meteo Service Provider
These organisations are linked by their
overlapping interests - they form an extended
enterprise, with the shared aim of the safe and
efficient operation of air transport.
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They are interested in different parts of the
same system. Each has a different objective...

• ATC to manage sector traffic,

• Flight Ops to manage a company schedule,

• Airport Resources Manager to manage the airport
  resources for arriving and departing flights.

but the actions and decisions of each one
affect the others in the extended enterprise.
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Problem-solving in cases of disruption

• Normal operations can be disrupted for all kinds
  of reasons
• an emergency,
• a strike,
• weather conditions,
• equipment outage.

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In such cases, all members of the extended
enterprise share an interest in minimising the
disruption and its impact
and all members of the extended enterprise have
a role in solving the problems that arise.
At present, each member generally maintains its
own, partial picture (or understanding) of the
current situation and how it is expected to
develop.
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That picture is updated only when that
organisation becomes aware of a change. So the
pictures held by different members of the
extended enterprise become out of step
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... different members can have different
understandings of the situation, and may
effectively be trying to solve different problems.
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Achieving a common situational awareness
A common situational awareness - a shared view of
the problem - means that all members are working
towards solving the same problem.
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The idea is that each member publishes on a
network, their latest information about the
actual and forecast situation, updating it as
soon as they are aware of a change.
All members of the extended enterprise can then
access this information, ensuring a common
situational awareness.
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• All members are sharing the latest information
  from the same source.

• All members have access to the full picture
  subject only to security or commercial issues.

• Each part of the picture is being provided by the
  member with the best knowledge about that part.

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Each organisation can take more effective
decisions, based on the best possible information.
The organisations can work together
problem-solving across the whole enterprise, to
produce more complete and more effective
solutions.
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Achieving a common situational awareness
Common situational awareness needs to incorporate
not only the present situation, but also as much
information as possible about the anticipated
future situation, and its implications.
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So the published information will include

• reasons behind the problems,

• forecasts of their expected development,

• current status of affected resources including
  delays,

• forecasts of expected future status and delays,

• information about alternatives.

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To be most effective, this information must be
easy to access and understand. ...
Each member of the extended enterprise must be
able quickly to find the information they need to
assist their operational decisions.
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We can envisage a tool that presents the
networked information according to each
organisations operational needs.
The next slide gives an example of how it might
be used...
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Common Situational Awareness - an example
All participants update the system with their
most up-to-date information.
All participants can access this information,
ensuring a common situational awareness.
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Each participant queries the system to inform
their operational decisions.
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As an illustration, consider the AOC assessing
options for a flight scheduled to go to the
disrupted airport ...
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Situation on ground, decisions, plans,
effects. Best and worst cases
ATC Capacity Expected holding times (for next 2
hrs)
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Alternates
Flight ABC242 ADES EGLL/LHR STA 1040 ETA
1240 arrival delay 120min
Flight ABC242 ADES EGLL/LHR STA 1040
Meteo forecast, report

• If I divert flight ABC242
• Which airports are available?
• What expected delay at each?
• What aircraft handling facilities are there?
• What facilities to transfer pax/baggage?

EGSS gt ETA 1100 EGKK gt ETA 1110 EGGW gt ETA 1200

• If I make flight ABC242
• How long a delay can I expect?
• Expected conditions at the airport?
• Delay on return leg?

EGKK gt ETA 1110
EGLL/LHR RWY 26L blocked Debris now being
cleared Expected available 1130 Delays expected
to 1500 Details
Traffic forecast, capacity, congestion and
updates
EGKK/LGW Status OK Stands Handling agents Ground
transport
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Decisions/reactions to situation Cancelled
flights, new FPLs/ETAs
Alternatives Facilities, status,expected delays
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Information required
This table lists information that would be
operationally useful to Airlines in cases of
disruption at an airfield. Drafted by IATA.
Landside
Surface traffic congestion sufficient to delay
passenger access Terminal problems sufficient to
delay passengers for significant time Industrial
action notification Disruption to ground transport
Airside
Snow clearance plans De-icing situation of
taxiways/stands Braking action on runways NOTAMS
in effects Runways in use Taxiway restrictions in
real time Departure sequencing in taxi
queue Gate/Stand allocation
In the air
Abnormal weather conditions, turbulence,
etc. Pilot reports Inbound holding
delays Estimated time of landing
General
Operational telephone contacts
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Summary
Common situational awareness lies at the heart of
the CDM concept.
A shared understanding of the situation
ensures that all members of the extended
enterprise
are working towards solving the same problem
(instead of seeing slightly
different versions of it).
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• All members have access to the full picture
  (subject only to security and commercial issues),
  consisting of the latest information from the
  best-informed source.

• Better situational awareness improves
  decision-making for each member.

• Common situational awareness enables members of
  the extended enterprise to work together
  effectively, so that problem-solving is
  integrated across the whole enterprise.

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This illustration of common situational awareness
has focussed on problem-solving in cases of
disruption
but the ideas are equally applicable in
day-to-day operations.
- End of Presentation -