The Biorefinery

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• The Biorefinery

BSE 4514 Industrial Processing
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Petroleum Refinery
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Major Organic Chemicals
Clark and Deswarte, Introduction to Chemicals
from Biomass
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Biorefinery Concept
CO2 OUT
Process
Separation
Organic matter IN
Products OUT
Physical, chemical
HEAT
Fermentation, chemical
Waste product stream most interesting
By-products OUT
Mass and energy balance
Products and by-products can be fuels, chemicals,
polymers, or food.
There can be subsequent biorefining of products
and by-products.
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U.S. Land Use
2.3 billion acres
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What can we get from the land?
sugars
fats
N-terminal
C-terminal

peptide bond
proteins
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Why do we mostly use starch?
amylose ?(1?4)
frustrated packing and less H-bonding coils and
in case of amylopectin forms helix
cellulose ?(1?4)
high packing and H-bonding does not coil
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Why do we mostly use starch?
HO
OH
unbalanced below equator
Only some OH available for inter-molecular
H-bonding mostly intra-molecular
HO
HO
balanced around equator
HO
OH
All OH available for inter-molecular H-bonding
very little intra-molecular
OH
OH
Regardless of strength of H-bond, there is simply
more of them between chains in cellulose
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What we get from polysaccharides