Pastoralist and Development

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Pastoralist and Development

• Eritrean Map

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Background and Context Analysis,

• 1/3 of the Eritrea populations are estimated to
  be pastoralists.
• The Eastern and Western arid and semi arid
  Lowlands are highly dominated by pastoralists.
• Pastoralists adapted itself to the fragile and
  drought prone ecosystems.
• The Italian and British colonies did none either
  on serving or on ruling the pastoralists and
  their lands.
• During the Eritrean struggle for independence
  (1961-1991) the pastoralist were highly affected
  by war detergence.
• The Recent Ethio-Eritrean border war cause-
• more pastoralist displacement,
• makes cross boards herding impossible,
• left over 1,000,000 mines in grazing lands
• Created flow of deportees to fertile lands.

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Pastoralists in Action
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Pastoralists in Action
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Pastoralists in Action
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Pastoralists in Action
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Pastoralists in Action
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The Development and rehabilitation programs,

• Eritrea on rehabilitation and development process
• The development programs focus on education,
  health, infrastructure and food security
• Rehabilitation was mainly on Communities
  Developments as-
• Army demobilizations,
• Returnee's resettlement,
• Pastoralists, resettlement to fixed villages
• Developments agencies defused resources on the
  programs.
• These enable the government to expand programs.
• As a result the education services growth by 215
  and the health services grow in almost similar
  rate.
• Mechanization introduced in the farming system
• Demobilization and resettlement process
  accelerated.

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Development and Rehabilitation
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Development and Rehabilitation
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Development and Rehabilitation
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Development and Rehabilitation
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Development and Rehabilitation approaches

• The development approaches.
• Supporting ( E.g. food aid,).
• Guiding ( pre-request for support. E.g.
  Re-structural adjustment)
• Ruling/ Ordering (E.g. pastoralist
  resettlements).
• Following (supporting on going activities.)
• Enabling ( responding to community needs)
• Stimuli (provoking community to act positively as
  a result of consciousness raising

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Participation,

• Participation categories,
• Physical participation (attending meetings,
  listing to orders)
• Beneficiary participation ( Eg, food aid, food
  for work,)
• Technical participation ( gaining skills, Eg.
  Vocational training,
• Behavioral participation is a meaning full
  participation by heart, head and feet's.
• This could be attained by -
• Provoking the community/ individual to
  stimuli/respond
• Integrate in the community cultural practices
  believes and altitudes.
• Teaching real skills as vocational skills,
  information technology.
• Attracting the community to adapt your skill

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Impact of the programs and reaction

• Farming expansions and Resettlement
• created a huge computation on resources sharing.
  These cause loose of-
• Grazing land,
• Forest trees,
• Pasture
• Water
• Wield life
• Herding skills

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Reflection

• The palm tree lives serve people and livestock.
  However the orange fruits are only for rich
  people ( Mussa Ali )

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Reflection

• Trees are against development. We are spending
  huge money on clearing land Co,farmers group)

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Reflection

• Farmers need the land for three months only but
  we need it for ever.

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Reflection

• we are loosing the most useful animal food and
  land protection due to land clearing.

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Reflection

• Cutting trees and bush will lead us to poverty.

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Reflection

• We loose our source of income and shades in
  addition to livestock production.

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Reflection

• Development could only happen if people come
  together and settle for getting smooth services.

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The challenge

• How should states address the challenges of
  resource sharing ?

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Development stories

• Organizations for developments

A forum for pastoral development advocacy ( enabling approach)
A group for farming livelihood support. (stimuli approach)
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Differences and similarity
Expect guidance and funds, Government consider them beneficiaries. Action need consultation support and take time.
Expect benefits from their own effort. Government appreciates and supports them. Take action when every they feel it important
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Differences and similarity
Ask for support and feel as stockholders. Communication needs arrangements and takes time. Clarity of role needs some work and discussions.
Feel full ownership and responsibility. Ready to make any possible decision. Communication is fast, smooth and to the level of the people. Clear roles
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Differences and similarity
Focus on capacity building. Collaborate and suggested plans/ activities Needs management cost. Reluctant to invest
Focus on production. Administer all plans/ activities Very limit management cost Committed to Investment

• e

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What would be the future of pastoralist?

• Should they change? Adopt? Or reject Development
  programs?

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Could Development programs adjusted to
Pastoralists life?

• Capacity building without the existing
  traditional institutions foundation is like
  directionless swimming.

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Do pastoralists own foundation for development?

• Building approaches based on the traditional
  practies production system could ensure
  adaptability, duplication and sustainability. Eg
  the Tigre Reb'at.

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Integrating pastoral life and Development

• Behavioral participation could only be created by
  internal reflection/ filling, belong ness and
  relating things to real life. And these should
  come to pastoralist from their own practices.

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Development is open to all.

• We could have verities of development
  possibilities in different cultural context. But
  when we are asked to live our style and adjust to
  new style, it could be difficult.

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Please come and enjoy fresh swimming in the read
sea.

• Thank you for your attention,