Periodic Table

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Periodic Table

• A way of organising the elements

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• 1828 Berzelius introduce letters to symbolize
  elements.
• 1829 Döbereiner devoloped triads groups of
  three elements with similar properties. Cl Br
  - I, (the properties of Br are between Cl and
  I) Ca Sr - Ba Li-Na-K
• 1864 Newlands arranged the known elements (around
  60) in order tof atomic weights and observed
  similarities between the first and ninth
  elements, the second and tenth elements etc
• 1869 Lothar Mayer ve Dmitri Mendeleyev produced
  their periodic tables simultaneously
• 1896 William Ramsay discovered the noble gases.
• 1913 Henry Moseley, determined the atomic number
  of each of the elements.

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Mendeleyev Periyodik Tablosu

• Produced a table based on atomic weights and
  arranged periodically with elements with similar
  properties under each other. Left gaps for
  unknown elements and predicted their properties.

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Modern Periyodik Tablo

• Elements are arrangednin the order of increasing
  atomic numbers and there is a periodic repitition
  of these elements.
• The basis of the periodic table is the electron
  configurations of the elements.
• Each horizontal row is called a a period.
• Each vertical column in the periodic atble is
  called a group. The chemical and physical
  proprties of the elements in a group are similar.

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Which of the followings are elements?

• Nobelium
• Mendelevium
• Lawrencium
• Dubnium
• Einsteinium
• Californium
• Americium
• Polonium
• Francium
• Krypton
• Neptunium

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• The boiling points of HCl and HI are -84.9oC
  and -35.4oC respectively. Predict the boiling
  point of HBr?
• The boiling point of PH3 is -87.4oC and the
  boiling point of SbH3 is -17.1oC. Can you
  predict the boiling point of AsH3?

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Atomic radius (atomic size) is the distance
between the nucleus and outermost electron.but
the electron clouds around atoms have no specific
boundaries. Whats usually done is to define an
atoms radius as being half the distance between
the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are
bonded together. -Covalent radius
-Metalic radius -Van der waals radius - ionic
radius
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Arrange the following in order to increasing
radius.

1. Li, K, Na
2. b) Se2-, Rb, Br -
3. c) O2-, F -, N 3-

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Which atom in each of the following pairs would
you expect to be larger? Explain.(a) Mg or Ba
(b) W or Au (c) Si or Sn (d) Ce or Lu
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The amount of energy necessary to remove the
highest-energy electron from an isolated neutral
atom in the gaseous state is called the atoms
ionization energy, abbreviated . For hydrogen
atoms, 1312.0 kJ/mol is needed.Ei or I I Rh
x Zeffective2 / n2An elements electron
affinity, is the energy change that occurs when
an electron is added to an isolated atom in the
gaseous state.
Ionization energy deals with the loss of
electrons, electron affinity deals with the gain
of electrons.
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Ionization energy deals with the loss of
electrons, electron affinity deals with the gain
of electrons.
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valence electrons are the electrons that occupy
the outer shell (principal shell number (n)) of
an atom. Core electrons are the electrons in
inner shells.
Z2 effective
Zeff Z S
I RH
n2
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Arrange the elements Se, Cl, and S in order of
increasing ionization energy

• Arrange the following elements in order of
  increasing first ionization energy.
• i) 14Si, 16S , 12Mg
• ii) 8O, 9F, 16S

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Elektronegativity is a measure of an atoms
ability to attrac electrons from a covalent bond
Electronegativity is a relative ability of
atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond
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The atomic mass unit By the international agreement (amu) was standardized against the carbon-12 atom. (atomic mass of C-12 12 amu. 1,66054 x 10 -24 gram By the international agreement (amu) was standardized against the carbon-12 atom. (atomic mass of C-12 12 amu. 1,66054 x 10 -24 gram

The average atomic mass An elements atomic mass is the weighted average of the isotopic masses of the elements naturally occurring isotopes. The average atomic mass of each element is also referred to as its atomic weight. An elements atomic mass is the weighted average of the isotopic masses of the elements naturally occurring isotopes. The average atomic mass of each element is also referred to as its atomic weight.

Naturally occurring carbon is 98.892 12C and 1.108 13C. The mass of 12C is 12 amu, and that of 13C is 13.00335 amu. Therefore, the average atomic mass of carbon is (0.98892)(12 amu) (0.01108)(13.00335 amu) 12.011 amu Naturally occurring carbon is 98.892 12C and 1.108 13C. The mass of 12C is 12 amu, and that of 13C is 13.00335 amu. Therefore, the average atomic mass of carbon is (0.98892)(12 amu) (0.01108)(13.00335 amu) 12.011 amu Naturally occurring carbon is 98.892 12C and 1.108 13C. The mass of 12C is 12 amu, and that of 13C is 13.00335 amu. Therefore, the average atomic mass of carbon is (0.98892)(12 amu) (0.01108)(13.00335 amu) 12.011 amu

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Chlorine has two naturally occurring
isotopes 35Cl with a natural abundance of 75.77
and an isotopic mass of 34.969 amu, and 37Cl
with a natural abundance of 24.23 and an
isotopic mass of 36.966 amu. What is the atomic
mass of chlorine?
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Chlorine has two naturally occurring
isotopes 35Cl with a natural abundance of 75.77
and an isotopic mass of 34.969 amu, and 37Cl
with a natural abundance of 24.23 and an
isotopic mass of 36.966 amu. What is the atomic
mass of chlorine?
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Soru Magnezyum atomunun dogal izotoplarini
dogada bulunma yüzdeleri ve kütleleri asagidaki
gibidir. Mg un ortalama atom kütlesini
hesaplayiniz.23,985 78,9924,986
10,0025,983 11,01
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Atomic mass Molecular weight Formula weight

The average atomic mass of each element is also referred to as its atomic weight. Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. Formula weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a formula unit.

Avagadro Number
The number of atoms in 12g of 12C is called Avagadros number, NA 6.022137 x 1023 The number of atoms in 12g of 12C is called Avagadros number, NA 6.022137 x 1023 The number of atoms in 12g of 12C is called Avagadros number, NA 6.022137 x 1023

Mole
One mole is the amount of substances which contains Avagadros number of particle. Molar mass of any particle is the mass of 1 mole of that substance One mole is the amount of substances which contains Avagadros number of particle. Molar mass of any particle is the mass of 1 mole of that substance One mole is the amount of substances which contains Avagadros number of particle. Molar mass of any particle is the mass of 1 mole of that substance
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• Calculate the molecular weight of CCl4
• (C 12.01 Cl 35.45)
• (atomic weight of C) (4 x atomic weight of
  Cl)
• 12.01 4 x 35.45
• 153.8

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Kimyasal Formül Bilesikler sembolize eder. Kimyasal formül bilesikte bulunan elementleri her bir elementin sayisini gösterir Bilesikler sembolize eder. Kimyasal formül bilesikte bulunan elementleri her bir elementin sayisini gösterir

Basit formül Molekül formülü Yapisal Formül
Bilesikteki atomlarin birbirine oraninin en küçük degerde ifade eder. Bir moleküldeki atomlarin gerçek sayisini gösterir. Atomlarin birbirlerine nasil baglandigini gösterir

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Moleküler Bilesiklerin Formüllerinin Yazilmasi Moleküler Bilesiklerin Formüllerinin Yazilmasi

Bilesigin Yüzde Bilesimini Kullanarak Yakma Analizleri
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Yüzde Bilesim

• Bilesigin 100graminda ki elementlerin gram
  miktarini gösterir.

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Basit Formül Bulma

• Elementlerin Bilesik içinde verilen kütle
  oranlari mol sayisina çevirilir
• Herbir elementin mol sayisi, bulunan mol sayilari
  içindeki en küçük mol sayisina bölünür
• Elde edilen rakamlar ile basit formül yazilir
  (rakamlar tam sayi olmalidir, bunun için uygun
  katsayi ile carpma yapilir)

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Soru bir organik bilesigin yapisinda kütlece
40,00 Karbon, 6,66 hidrojen ve 53,34 oksijen
vardir. Bilesigin kaba formülü nedir?
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Soru 25graminda 6,64g K, 8,84g Cr ve 9,52g
Oksijen içeren bilesigin basit formülü nedir?
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Basit formülden Molekül formülü Bulma

• Eger bir bilesigin basit formülü ve bilesigin mol
  agirligi biliniyorsa, molekül formülü
  bulunabilir.
• Basit formülün agirligi x katsayi
• mol agirligi

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Soru laktik asit C-H-O atomlarindan olusur. Bir
laktik asit örnegi yapilan analiz sonucu
25,200grami 10,085g C, 13,440g oksijen içerdigine
ve laktik asitin mol kütlesi 90,0g olduguna göre
laktik asidin molekül formülünü bulunuz.
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Yakma Analizlerinden Molekül formülü Bulma
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5gram etilalkol yakildiginda 9,55g CO2 ve 5,87g
H2O olusmaktadir. Etil alkolün basit formülü
nedir?