Recreational opportunity spectrum

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Recreational opportunity spectrum
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Recreational Opportunity Spectrum

• The basic idea behind ROS is that people should
  be provided with a range of recreation
  opportunities so that individual tastes can be
  appropriately accommodated.
• Goal of recreationist
• Have satisfying leisure experiences by
  participating in preferred activities in a
  favorable environmental settings

NOTE and CREDIT the following information was
adopted from the USDA USFS ROS Users guide and
from Jason Siniscalchi, Ph.D.
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Opportunities for achieving satisfying
experiences..

• Are a function of
• natural elements (vegetation, landscape and
  scenery)
• areas controlled by land management agencies
  (developed sites, roads, regulations)

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ROS

• The purpose of an Recreation Opportunity Spectrum
  Inventory is to identify, delineate, classify and
  record areas into recreation opportunity classes
  based on their current state of remoteness,
  naturalness and expected social experience.
• It is also to provide information about existing
  recreation opportunities to land use planners and
  resource managers to assist them in making
  decisions on appropriate land uses, resource
  development objectives and management
  prescriptions.

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Goal of the resource manager

• Is to provide the opportunities to obtain the
  experiences by managing the natural setting and
  the activities within it.

Challenges While recreation must have a physical
base of land or water, the product (recreation
experience) is a personal phenomenon.
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ROS six class spectrum
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

• For the resource manager and the recreationist,
  recreation opportunities can be expressed in
  terms of three principal components
• Activities Setting Experience

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Activities
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

Land based Hunting Camping RV camping Resort lodging Bed and breakfast Bus touring
Water based Fly Fishing Canoeing Waterskiing Sailing Boat Ferries Tour boat
Snow based Snow-shoeing Xcountry skiing Downhill skiing Snow-mobiling Sledding Ice skating
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Experience
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

Isolation Highest probability Mostly high moderate Just as likely to see people Likely to see groups Groups are prevalent
Interaction with nature Very close mostly close close Not as important some Must make an effort for it to happen
Amt of challenge or risk High degree present some some Have to search it out Mostly just a spectator

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Setting (GIS can be used here!!!)
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Recreation Opportunity Spectrum
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

Remoteness All natural Mostly natural Mostly natural Evidence of mans influence Substantial modified Mostly altered
Size Large Moderate Moderate Moderate to smaller Smaller Varies
Evidence of humans Dont see many others Low but evident Others evident Moderate Moderate to high predominant
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Mapping of areas currently providing recreation
opportunities
Setting Component Mapping Criteria
Physical Remoteness Size Evidence of humans
Social User density
Managerial Managerial regimentation and noticeability
W h e r e G I S C a n H e l
p
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Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

An area designated at least 3 miles from all roads, railroads or trails with motorized use An area designated at least ½ mile but not further than 3 miles from all roads, railroads or trails with motorized use An area within ½ mile of primitive roads or trails used by motor vehicles but not closer than ½ mile from better than primitive roads An area designated within ½ mile from better than primitive roads and railroads No distance criteria No distance criteria
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Tucker County example
primitive roads and railroads
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Tucker County example
All roads, railroads and trails
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Tucker County example
Distance from primitive roads and railroads
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Tucker County example
Distance from All roads, railroads and trails
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Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness Remoteness
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

An area designated at least 3 miles from all roads, railroads or trails with motorized use An area designated at least ½ mile but not further than 3 miles from all roads, railroads or trails with motorized use An area within ½ mile of primitive roads or trails used by motor vehicles but not closer than ½ mile from better than primitive roads An area designated within ½ mile from better than primitive roads and railroads No distance criteria No distance criteria
Using these to reclass the distance grids
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Tucker County example
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Mapping of areas currently providing recreation
opportunities
Setting Component Mapping Criteria
Physical Remoteness Size Evidence of humans
Social User density
Managerial Managerial regimentation and noticeability
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Size Size Size Size Size Size
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

5,000 acres 2,500 acres 2,500 acres No size criteria No size criteria No size criteria
Using these cutoffs to evaluate our remoteness by
size
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Tucker County example
Areas under 2,500 acres
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Tucker County example
Areas between 2,500 and 5,000 acres
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Tucker County example
Areas 5,000 acres or larger
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Tucker County example
Remoteness adjusted for size (must be at least
2,500 acres in this example)
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Mapping of areas currently providing recreation
opportunities
Setting Component Mapping Criteria
Physical Remoteness Size Evidence of humans
Social User density
Managerial Managerial regimentation and noticeability
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Evidence of humans Evidence of humans Evidence of humans Evidence of humans Evidence of humans Evidence of humans
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

Setting is an unmodified natural environment Structures are very rare Setting may have subtle modifications that are noticeable but not draw the attention Structures are isolated Setting has moderate alterations that draw attention Structures are isoloated Easily noticed alterations Structures are generally scattered Public ownership Setting is culturally modified and dominates Structures are readily apparent Private land ownership Setting is dominated by alterations Structures are dominant Developed areas
Using these to adjust our mapped remoteness
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Tucker County example
Evidence of humans
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Tucker County example
Final Physical Setting component of the
recreational opportunity spectrum
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Tucker County example
Final Physical Setting component of the ROS
compared to existing managed recreation lands
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Mapping of areas currently providing recreation
opportunities
Setting Component Mapping Criteria
Physical Remoteness Size Evidence of humans
Social User density
Managerial Managerial regimentation and noticeability
We Used GIS
More subjective
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Social Setting Criteria Social Setting Criteria Social Setting Criteria Social Setting Criteria Social Setting Criteria Social Setting Criteria
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

Usually has less than 6 parties per day encountered on trails and less than 3 parties visible at all campsites Usually 6-15 parties per day encountered on trails and 6 or less visible at campsites Low to moderate contact frequency Frequency of contact is moderate to high on roads, low to moderate on trails and away from roads Frequency of contact is moderate to high in developed sites, on roads and trails and water surfaces moderate away from developed sites Large numbers of users onsite and in nearby areas
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Managerial Setting Criteria Managerial Setting Criteria Managerial Setting Criteria Managerial Setting Criteria Managerial Setting Criteria Managerial Setting Criteria
Primitive Semi-primitive Non motorized Semi-primitive Motorized Roaded Natural Rural Urban

On-site regimentation is low with controls off site On-site regimentation and controls present but subtle On-site regimentation and controls present but subtle On-site regimentation and controls are noticeable but harmonize with the natural environment Regimentation and controls obvious and numerous, largely in harmony with the man-made environment Regimentation and controls obvious and numerous
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Other components outside of the setting criteria

• Class Attractiveness for each ROS
• Variety
• Outstanding features
• Special areas

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Other components outside of the setting criteria

• Activity Opportunities
• Existing activities
• Potential activities
• Activity criteria

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Other components outside of the setting criteria

• Recreation Developments
• Existing developments
• Potential developments

Diff between ROS and existing
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Other components outside of the setting criteria

• Capacity by ROS class
• Land type
• Vegetation
• Social
• Other (access, length of season, pattern of use,
  etc)

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GIS and recreation / tourism references

• McAdam, D. 1999. The Value and Scope of
  Geographic Information Systems in Tourism
  Management. Journal of Sustainable Tourism
  7(1)77-92
• Tarrant, M.A. and H. K. Cordell. 1999.
  Environmental Justice and the Spatial
  Distribution of Outdoor Recreation Sites an
  Application of GIS. Journal of Leisure Research
  31(1)18-34.
• Rogers, S. E. 1993. Current Research in Areas and
  Facilities. Park and Recreation 28(12)22-25.
• Olivieri, S. G. 1995. An Investigation of
  Recreational Facility Planning Decisions
  Comparing Existing Facility Locations with
  Decisions Based on Use of a Geographic
  Information System. PhD Dissertation. Texas AM
  University.
• Wing, M. G. 1998. Using a Geographic Information
  System to Monitor Impacts in a Forested Setting.
  Corvallis Oregon State University.
• Bahaire T. and M. Elliot White. 1999. The
  application of GIS in Sustainable Tourism
  Planning A review. Journal of Sustainable
  Tourism 7(2) 159-174.
• Bishop I. D. and H. R. Gimblett. 2000. Management
  of Recreation Areas GIS, Autonomous Agents, and
  Virtual Reality. Environment and Planning B
  Planning and Design 27(3)423-435.