Trichomoniasis

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Trichomoniasis
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Overview

• Trichomoniasis is a one of the most common STD ,
  affecting millions of people worldwide , both
  women and men , although symptoms are more common
  in women.

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The pathogen

• Trichomoniasis is caused by the single-celled
  protozoan parasite Trichomoniasis vaginalis.
• It was first described by Donne in 1836.

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• The vagina is the most common site of infection
  in women , and the urethra is the most common
  site of infection in men.
• It weakens the immune system , making an infected
  person more susceptible to HIV.

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Frequency

• Trichomoniasis is widespread.
• It is most common among people aged between 15 an
  35 years.
• In the U.S , about 3 million people are infected
  every year.

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Transmission and risk factors The primary risk
factors for trichomoniasis include

• Engaging in unsafe sex.
• Having sex with more than one partner.
• Being in a sexual relationship with someone who
  has multiple sex partners.

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• Trichomoniasis is spread through penis-to-vagina
  intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact with an
  infected partner.
• Women can acquire the disease from infected men
  or women , whereas men usually contract it only
  from infected women.

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Symptoms

• Between 10 and 50 of women infected with T.
  Vaginalis are asymptomatic.
• Symptoms usually appear within 5 to 28 days of
  exposure.
• Symptoms are nonspecific and cannot be used to
  differentiate trichomoniasis from other genital
  infections.

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Symptoms in women include

• Unusual and increased vaginal discharge (bubbly,
  pale green or gray) with a strong unpleasant
  odor.
• Itching , burning or redness of the vulva and
  vagina.
• Sexual intercourse and urinations may be
  painful.
• In rare cases , lower abdominal pain may occur.

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Symptoms in men include

• Discharge from the penis , the head of the penis
  may have get inflamed and hurt.
• Burning with urination.

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Diagnosis

• To diagnose Trichomoniasis , a health care
  provider must perform a physical examination and
  laboratory test (microscopic examination).
• In women, a pelvic examination can reveal small
  red ulcerations on the vaginal wall or cervix.
• Laboratory tests are performed on a sample of
  vaginal fluid or urethral fluid mixed with a drop
  of saline on a slide to look for the
  disease-causing parasite.

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Treatment

• The mainstay of therapy for Trichomoniasis is the
  Metronidazole , the antibiotics , given by mouth
  in a single dose.
• The symptoms of Trichomoniasis in infected men
  may disappear within a few weeks without
  treatment.
• Both partners should be treated at the same time
  to eliminate the parasite.
• Persons being treated for Trichomoniasis should
  avoid sex until they and their sex partners
  complete treatment and have no symptoms.

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• Without treatment , the infection persists. It
  has been shown to persist in women for many years
  and in men for many months.
• When left untreated , Trichomoniasis can
  increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting
  HIV infection , and premature delivery of baby.