Water

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Waters Beginnings
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The seeds of everything have a moist nature.
Thales of Meletus the father of science
Spherical Earth Moon reflected light Eclipse
Quotes
(Circa 600 B.C.E.)
Water is the origin and essence of all things
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Essence of all things?
Water in the Solar System
Ice core Ice and liquid clouds
ice
ice
Oceans
Temp. and Po
Ice
Ice core Ice and liquid clouds
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How large is the earth?
Radius
3986 mi (4000 mi)
Diameter
7973 mi (8000 mi)
Circumference
25,048 mi (25,000 mi) When was it calculated?
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870,000 miles
8000 miles
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How much water is there?
400 billion billion gallons
326 million mi3(one estimate)
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Total Earth Water 326 million mi3
700 miles
700 miles
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Total Earth Water 326 million mi3
841 miles
3476 miles
¼ diameter of moon
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326 million mi3
0.12 of the earths volume
Where is all this water?
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Where is all the Water?
Oceans, Seas, Bays
Wetlands, Swamps
Lakes
Soil Moisture
Atmosphere
Biological Water
Rivers
Groundwater
Ice caps, Glaciers, Permafrost
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Where is all the Water?
Water source Percent of fresh water Percent of total water
Oceans, Seas, Bays -- 96.5
Ice caps, Glaciers, Permafrost 69.6 1.79
Groundwater 30.1 1.7
Lakes 0.26 0.013
Soil Moisture 0.05 0.001
Atmosphere 0.04 0.001
Wetlands, Swamps 0.03 0.0008
Rivers 0.006 0.0002
Biological Water 0.003 0.0001
Source USGS
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Freshwater
Groundwater Lakes Soils Wetlands Rivers
Atmosphere
Biological
0.775
0.8
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When did water appear and where did it come from?
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Accepted Age of the Earth
4.6 billion years
Accretion of materials from formation of the
solar system
Molten Surface
8000o F
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Geologic Time Line
Precambian 4.5 Bya to 570 Mya Paleozoic 570
Mya to 245 Mya (Multicellular explosion) Mesozoic
245 Mya to 65 Mya (Age of the
reptiles) Cenozoic 65 Mya to present
(Earth formation, cooling, oceans, primitive
life, atmosphere)
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65 mya
Time Scale
Cenozoic Era
Precambrian
Paleozoic Mesozoic
Approximately 90 of Earths history
570 mya
- 4.6 bya
Human civilization
Precambrian encompasses the time from Earth's
formation, approximately 4.5 billion years ago,
until the start of the Cambrian period
approximately 570 million years ago (mya).
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Early Precambrian
Hadean Atmosphere
N2 (nitrogen) CO2 (carbon dioxide) NH3 (ammonia)
? CH4 (methane) ? Chlorine, sulfur, hydrogen H2O
(water vapor from interior)
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Cooling and condensation of water from the
atmosphere
When?
Rainfall and liquid water at the surface
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Earliest Evidence of liquid Water on Earth 4.3
bya
Western Australia, 2001
Zircon Crystals
Earths oldest terrestrial materials
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Water and the Rocks
Western Greenland
Minerals indicate Interaction with water
3.8 billion years old
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Pillow Lavas
Basaltic Extrusive Rock
3.5 bya
http//video.yahoo.com/watch/111691/635356
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Liquid Water
3.5 4.3 billion years ago
Present levels 326 million mi3
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Origins of Earths Water
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Sources of Earths Water
Earths Mantle Asteroids Comets
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1. Volcanic Outgassing
Mantle Rocks 0.1 0.5 water
70 water
The volume of water coming out of volcanoes
could have filled the oceans about 100 times
since the earth cooled down
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2. Asteroids
0.1 0.5 water
chondritic meteorites (5)
up to 10-20 water
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spherical
Could contain more fresh water than earth
The largest known asteroid
25 percent of the asteroid belts total mass
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3. Comets
Small, but possibly numerous Wrong kind of water?
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Hydrogen in Water (H2O)
Electron (-)
Nucleus Proton ()
Neutron
Deuterium has a neutron Ordinary hydrogen does
not
The earth ratio of hydrogen to deuterium is about
60001 For many comets, the ratio is 12,0001
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Comet LINEAR (2000)
3.6 million tons (3.3 billion kilograms) of water
LINEAR was the first comet with a chemistry that
indicated its water had the same ratio of
hydrogen to deuterium as the water actually found
on Earth.
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Origins of Water
comet LINEAR
3.5 4.3 billion years
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Setting the stage for the evolution of life
Water is an essential precursor to life.
Next Water and Life on Earth