Relationships and Biodiversity

1
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab (Pg 131-147)
2
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab (Pg 131-147)
Plants
No seeds
seeded
Angiosperms (vessel seed (protective chamber)
flowering plants)
Gymnosperms (naked seed pine, spruce, fir, etc)
3
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab (Pg 131-147)
4
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Seed Plants Monocots vs. Dicots
5
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
PLANT VASCULAR TISSUE - tissues that conduct food
and water
6
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Curol
Cannot yet be synthesized in a lab.
7
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Curol
Botanus curus
(endangered species)
8
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Are there other species related to Botanus curus
that also produce Curol?
Scientists have found three Species X -
Botanus leunus Species Y - Botanus
glasus Species Z - Botanus warnus
Your mission if you choose to accept it
1. Gather structural and molecule evidence to
determine which plant species is most closely
related to Botanus curus
2. Use this evidence to decide which plant
species is most likely to serve as a source of
Curol.
9
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
1. You will be separated into four groups of 5 or
6.
2. Select a captain for your group.
3. Captain will come forward and receive a bag of
leaves and seeds (DO NOT remove
leaves/cards/seeds from their plastic bags).
Test 1 - Structural Characteristics of Plants
Compare the structural characteristics of the
plant samples. Record your observations in Table
1.
Test 2 - Structural Characteristics of Seeds
Compare the structural characteristics of the
seed samples. Record your observations in Table
1.
10
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Test 3 - Microscope Internal Structure of Stems
1. There are four microscope stations. Each group
will start at one station. There will be a
rotation every 4 minutes.
2. Each station has a cross section of one of the
species (Botanus curus, species X, Y, and Z).
3. Use the low magnification. Compare the
arrangement of the bundles (circular or
scattered) and record you observations using
words or diagrams in Table 1.
11
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Paper chromatography
- Analytical technique for separating and
identifying mixtures that are or can be colored,
especially pigments.
12
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Test 4 - Paper Chromatography to Separate Plant
Pigments
- Draw a line 2 cm from the bottom of the
chromatography paper. Use a pencil to label the
top edge of the chromatography paper Bc (Botanus
curus), X, Y, and Z (look at Figure 2).
- Place two drops of plant extract from Botanus
curus just above the pencil line as shown in
Figure 2. Repeat for other samples.
- Add enough water to cover bottom of cup.
- Fold the paper and place it into the water and
allow the water to move up the paper (Move on to
Test 5).
13
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Test 5 - Indicator Tests for Enzyme M
- It is not possible to test a plant directly for
Curol (concentration is too low).
- However, if enzyme M, an enzyme known to be a
part of the Curol synthesis pathway, is present
the plant may produce Curol.
- Test the plant extract for each species for
enzyme M using indicator powder (enzyme
substrate). Add 5 drops of extract to the
substrate.
- A fizzing reaction indicates that enzyme M is
present.
- Record the results in Table 1.
(Finish the chromatography test)
14
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Test 6 - Using Simulated Gel Electrophoresis to
Compare DNA
- use the colored DNA sequence strips, which
represent the DNA of each species
- Do a restriction fragment analysis using a
restriction enzyme that cuts at CCGG.
1. Cut all CCGG sites
2. Run a simulated gel electrophoresis using
Table 2.
15
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
Test 7 - Translating the DNA Code To Make a
Protein
- Determine the amino acid sequence of a specific
gene that has been sequenced from each species.
16
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab
17
Relationships and Biodiversity
State Lab