South Carolina in the Early 1700s

1
South Carolina in the Early 1700s

• 1729 King George I accepted the request to make
  SC a royal colony

2
The Thirteen Colonies
3
Changes in the Colony

• SC would change in several ways after becoming a
  royal colony.
• The economy would be benefited when the _____ of
  _____ increased subsides, which allowed higher
  profits, for naval stores
• Also, the Board allowed the colony to trade
  directly with foreign markets.
• This also increased rice profits

4

• Creation of a new colony out of the southern
  portion of SC.
• Georgia
• Created for two reasons
• As a ____ _____for protection from Spanish
  Florida.
• As a prison colony for debtors.
• Problems with the new colony
• While it did create a sense of security for SCs
  inhabitants, it also resulted in less land being
  available to South Carolinians.
• Became a safe haven for runaway ______.
• Created competition in ____ production.

5
Two Different South Carolinas

• Low Country
• All early settlements in SC were built along the
  coast, so all the high quality infrastructure was
  located in the tidewater region of the ____
  _______.
• Many of the most important colonists or Downers
  lived there, and it would be the most important
  region for many years.
• Home for most of wealthy plantation owners and
  exporters.
• Most of the representatives of the Assembly came
  from this region.
• Most of the slaves were located there.
• Where most of the wealth was located.
• Most of the law and _______ were located in the
  Low Country.

6
That Other SC

• Up Country
• Largest part of the colony.
• By the mid 1700s the majority of the white
  population was located here.
• Not well or fairly represented in the _________
  until 1860.
• The majority of the population were poorer
  subsistence farmers.
• Fewer ________
• Would benefit when the Board of Trade created
  eleven townships to encourage settlements.
• The more settlers in the Up Country meant more
  protection from Indians.
• Not an easy place to live.
• ________ attacks were more frequent.
• To get anywhere they had to walk long distances
  on poor ______.

7
Two Distinct Regions

• So different but one colony.
• The settlers had different cultural backgrounds.
• Farms were different in size.
• Level of Education was better in the Low Country.
• Courts and Law more abundant in the tidewater.

8
The Regulator Movement

• Law and Order
• When there were few settlers there was little
  need for _______ and ______ in the Up Country.
• But with the creation of the _________ a
  population boom occurred.
• Drifters, outlaws, and horse thieves also boomed.
• ________ began to attack honest people and could
  not be brought to justice.
• Because most of the Assembly was from the
  ____________, the request for courts and sheriffs
  went unanswered.
• This is one of the biggest and earliest conflicts
  between the Up and the Low.

9
The Up Country Strikes Back

• 1767 the Uppers had enough.
• Vigilantes began to provide justice as they saw
  fit.
• They were called ______________.
• Often abused justice and the rights of the
  accused.
• Some were wolves in sheeps clothing.
• The Governor Montague tried to stop the
  Regulators
• First he condemned them, then asked for more
  ______ but nothing stopped them.
• Finally, the Assembly passed the
  _____________________.
• Established seven courthouses and sheriffs.
• Helped provide justice
• But, and this is a BIG BUT, Do you like BIG BUTS?
• It improved the moral of the Up Country

10
Its Your Turn

• You are a European settler arriving in SC in the
  1700s.
• Where would you settle?
• What are the disadvantages?
• You are an Upper. You are upset that your pleas
  for justice have not been answered by the
  Assembly. You plan a protest march on the
  Assembly.
• Make a protest sign.
• How do you feel?

11
Indian Relations

• Settlement of the _________ created problems with
  the _______.
• The ______ still had hard feelings as a result of
  earlier Indian ___.

12
Building Alliances

• After the Yemassee War, SC and the resident
  Native Americans were at peace.
• However, trouble would begin in 1729 when French
  fur traders pushed the Cherokee for a treaty to
  trap on their lands
• The French were a major enemy of the British.
• The British in 1730 began negotiations for their
  own treaty with the Cherokee.
• The Cherokee signed a letter of friendship with
  the British.
• The Indians thought they were now allies and
  could count on the British to fight with them.
• The British thought that the Indians were now
  subjects of the King, and would now have to
  follow the Kings laws.

13
A Lasting Peace??? Well

• For almost 30 years the peace lasted
• The British did not take any of the Indians land
  in the west.
• The British even negotiated fairly so they could
  build 4 forts to protect them from the French and
  Spanish.
• 1755, the British and Cherokee sign the
  _____________________.
• The Cherokee agreed to recognize all British
  _____ as their leaders and turn over all of their
  lands.
• The British promised to stop the sale of ____,
  provide more Indian traders, and guarantee fairer
  _____ and better goods.
• In Indian Giver fashion, the British failed to
  follow through.

14
War with the Cherokee

• The British Governor Lyttelton could not control
  the Indian traders and slowly the relationship
  fell apart.
• Instead of meeting with the Cherokee, Lyttleton
  embargoed the Indians, stopping all trade, in an
  attempt to force them to cooperate.
• In reaction, 1759 the Cherokee started attacking
  the Western settlements.
• 31 chiefs had gone to negotiate peace were held
  hostage at Fort Prince George.
• The Indians attacked the fort.
• For revenge the British killed all the hostages.

15
Cherokees at War

• The Cherokee killed hundreds of the Uppers.
• A benefit of being a royal colony, 1200 British
  troops were sent to fight.
• They burned the Cherokee villages and crops, also
  killing the women and children.
• 1760, 1600 more troops were sent, they drove the
  Cherokee into the mountains.
• This brought the fighting to an end.

16
The Treaty of Augusta

• 10 November 1763, the Cherokee, Chickasaw,
  Catawba, and Choctaw signed the Treaty of
  Augusta.
• In exchange for a small reserve of land near Rock
  Hill, the Indians agreed to stop fighting and
  give up much of their land.
• Also a border line was to be drawn so that no
  whites could settle in the West.
• Proclamation of 1763 enforced this agreement.

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Paradise Lost

• All the problems could have been avoided had the
  British not failed to live up to their
  agreements.
• Cause by failure to negotiate fair prices, and
  ideas of land ownership.
• Each side had lost trust in the other.
• Its Your Turn!
• What could have been done to avoid the bloodshed?

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A Changing Colony

• The first _____ in the Americas were not slaves
  but Spanish explorers.
• The First permanent Africans in the North America
  were indentured ____.
• Later Africans were brought as indentured
  servants but eventually were held in s_____,
  because Indian ______ had not worked out.

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Slavery in South Carolina

• Slavery in SC was different
• The first slaves were brought from Barbados.
• Large-scale slavery began in 1690s when economic
  success started.
• By 1700 there were a few thousand but, and this
  is a BIG BUT, by 1770 there were more than
  80,000.
• The total population of SC at this time was only
  130,000
• The slavery was so cruel that there were slave
  rebellions

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The Stono Rebellion

• The most famous of all slave revolts in SC.
• Two causes
• Cruelty
• In 1738, a Spanish law offered freedom to any
  slave who escaped to ________.
• This law gave good reason for slaves to revolt or
  runaway
• Sixty slaves killed 20 white settlers
• The state militia killed 40 slaves
• Fearing future revolts the Assembly passed the
  slave code
• Set penalties for cruel treatment
• Put slaves under tighter control
• These actions did not stop all revolts but made
  it more difficult

21
Education

• Education was different for different groups
• At first an educational system did not exist.
• The original reason for an education was so
  people could read the Bible.
• SC leaders believed it was the responsibility of
  the parents to educate.
• So only ______ children were educated.

22
Free Schools??? Really???

• The first free schools in SC required the
  students to pay a tuition.
• the only thing free about them was the land
  given for the schools to be built on.
• However, 12 needy children were to be educated
  for free.
• Even with the schools, many of the wealthy
  families sent there children to private schools.
• Poor families were less likely to send children
  to school at all.
• The parents were mostly illiterate and did not
  see the value of educating their children.
• Also, farmers needed their children home for
  help.
• The majority of the SC population would remain
  illiterate for most of the 1800s
• And most of my students show strong signs of
  it!!!!!!
• Many of the colonial attitudes toward education
  still exist in SC today!

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Education for Blacks

• Education was even less available for ______.
• Most slave owners did not want their ______
  educated
• A slave who understood the concept of freedom may
  revolt or escape
• A racist belief that also existed that Blacks
  were incapable of learning.
• Some _______ organizations started educating
  slaves for the purpose of saving their souls.

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A Growing Population

• SC had one of the fastest growing populations of
  the British colonies.
• But, and this is a BIG BUT, it was not capable of
  sustaining the population until 1770.
• Cause being disease, Indian wars, infant
  mortality, and poor sanitation raised the killed
  rate.
• No forms of modern medicine to combat diseases.
• Children mortality rate was as high as 80 percent
• ¼-½ of adults who lived to be 20 were dead before
  40
• In some places death rates were higher than birth
  rates
• The really BIG OL BUT was that the population
  only grew because more immigrants and slaves kept
  arriving, raising the population.