Site Characterization and Analysis

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Site Characterization and Analysis

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Terminal Learning Objective

• ACTION Conduct Site Characterization
• CONDITION Given an Environmental Site scenario,
  personnel protective equipment and criteria for
  conducting an assessment using detection and
  monitoring techniques IAW OSHA regulations.
• STANDARD Identify environmental hazards with a
  minimum of 80 accuracy

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Enabling Learning Objectives

• Identify the 8 components of site
  characterization and analysis
• Identify the three phases of Site
  Characterization
• Identify potential common site hazards during
  initial site entry
• Identify required information employer must
  provide to employee prior to site entry
• Identify when site monitoring is required
• Identify common risks associated with site
  hazards
• Identify elements and purpose of a site control
  program
• Identify clues used to identify the presence of
  hazardous materials during a site characterization

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Site Characterization and Analysis

• What is it?
• Evaluation
• Hazard Identification
• Required Employee Information
• Personal protective equipment
• Monitoring
• Risk Identification
• Employee Notification
• Site Control

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• The 8 areas tie in the following programs
• Site Control
• Safety Plan
• Monitoring
• Medical

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Site Characterization and Analysis

• Site Evaluation (Phases)
• Preliminary, prior to entry
• Records search
• Initial site entry
• Continual updating
• Monitoring
• Evaluation

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Site Characterization and Analysis

• Hazard Identification. Completes assessment of
  potential hazards prior to start of work
• Includes
• Confined space
• Explosive
• Hazardous energy
• Flammable
• Slip, trips, falls
• Visible vapor clouds
• Bio indicators

Hazard Identification feeds Risk Identification
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Site Characterization and Analysis

• Required Information to Employee
• The following information to the extent
  available shall be obtained by the employer prior
  to allowing employee to enter the site
• Location and size of site
• Description of activity
• Task/purpose
• Duration of activity
• Stay times/recycle
• Site topography
• Safety and health hazards
• Emergency response capabilities
• Hazardous substances

• Data feeds Safety Plan vice versa
• Data grows with each entry

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Site Characterization and Analysis

• Personnel protective equipment
• Based on preliminary site evaluation
• Protect against known and suspected hazards
• If positive pressure SCBA not used as part of
  initial entry, and if respiratory protection is
  warranted by potential hazards, an escape SCBA of
  at least 5 mins must be carried
• If all hazards not known, Level B is minimum
• Once all hazards IDed, PPE can be adjusted

Feeds Safety Plan
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Site Characterization and Analysis

• Monitoring
• During site entry when potential for radiation or
  IDLH environment exists
• Continual when
• Ionizing radiation present
• IDLH environment present
• Potential for IDLH environment
• Ongoing program IAW 29CFR1910.120 paragraph (h)
  after characterization has determined site safe
  for start up of operations

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Site Characterization and Analysis

• Risk Identification
• Once specific hazards are established, the risks
  involved are identified (not all inclusive)
• Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure
  limits and published exposure levels
• IDLH concentrations
• Potential skin absorption and irritation sources
• Potential eye irritation sources
• Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges
• Oxygen deficiency

Hazard Identification feeds Risk Identification
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7. Employee notification
Site Characterization and Analysis

• Any information of known or unknown shall be
  made available

8. Site Control

• Program Controls employee exposure to hazardous
  substances
• Elements
• Site Map
• Work Zones
• Buddy system
• Site Communications

Ties in w/safety plan and work plan
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Check on Learning
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Check on Learning

• What are the three phases of site
  characterization?
• Preliminary, Initial site entry, Continual
  updating
• Name several common potential site hazards
• Confined space, Explosive, Hazardous energy,
  Flammable, Slip, trips, falls, Visible vapor
  clouds, Bio indicators
• When do we monitor?
• When potential for radiation or IDLH environment
  exists
• What are the elements of site control?
• Site Map, Work Zones, Buddy system, Site
  Communications

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Site Characterization And Analysis

• What is it?
• Evaluation
• Hazard Identification
• Required Employee Information
• Personal protective equipment
• Monitoring
• Risk Identification
• Employee Notification
• Site Control

How to do it
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Site Accident
Preliminary Evaluation
Record search
Mission Complete
Monitoring Program
Site Control Program
Site Safety Plan
Hazard Identification
Work Plan
Hazard Mitigation
PPE Selection
Initial Site Entry Monitoring
ID Hazards/Risks
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Preliminary Evaluation
Preliminary Evaluation

• Determination of potential hazards based on the
  development of a site history through the use of
  printed documentation, maps, and photographs.
• Places where documentation can be researched are
  as follows
• County Court House
• Utility, Phone Companies
• Library
• Local Police Force
• Health Department
• Neighbors
• Former Employees
• U.S. Geological Survey

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Preliminary Evaluation

• Information may include
• Permits, License and Deeds
• Previous land (or structure) occupancy and use
• Products manufactured, used or stored on the site
• Geological data regarding soil and groundwater
  conditions
• Information regarding the surrounding area e.g.
  aerial, ground photographs, topography etc
• Accessibility

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Identification Of Hazards

• INFORMATION RESOURCES
• PLACARDS
• LABELS
• UN ID Numbers
• NFPA 704
• HMIS
• HMIG
• CONTAINER SHAPES
• SENSES

Site Safety Plan
Site Control Program
Monitoring Program
PPE Selection
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Information Resources

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Shipping Papers
• Facility Papers
• CHEMTREC
• PEAC

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NFPA 704 Colors and Their Meanings

• 1. Blue Health
• 2. Red Flammability
• 3. Yellow Reactivity
• 4. White Special

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HMIS / HMIG

• Hazardous Material Identification System
• Hazardous Material Identification Guide
• 4 hazard principles
• 5 degrees of hazards
• Alphabetical designations for PPE

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Placards and Labels
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Placards

• Placed on transport vehicles
• Can provide recognition and general hazard
  classification.
• Colored background
• Respected hazard class symbol
• Hazard class / division number
• Four digit identification number

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Labels

• Labels are the responsibility of the shipper and
• Are warnings to handle with care,
• Provide guidance for storage,
• Provide guidance for proper placards to be used,
• Must be affixed to package.

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Hazard Classification System

• CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES
• CLASS 2 GASES
• CLASS 3 FLAMMABLE COMBUSTBLE LIQUIDS
• CLASS 4 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
• CLASS 5 OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES
• CLASS 6 TOXIC MATERIALS
• CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
• CLASS 8 CORROSIVE MATERIALS
• CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS

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Class 1 Explosives1.1 1.6

• Mass explosion that affects almost the entire
  load
• Black powder
• Dynamite
• T-N-T
• Blasting caps
• Nitroglycerin

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Class 2 Gases2.1 Flammable Gas2.2 Non Flammable
Gas2.3 Poisonous by Inhalation (PIH)

• 2.1
• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) lt 13
• Flammable Range (FR) gt 12
• Ethylene Oxide
• Butadiene
• Isobutane
• Propylene
• Methane
• 2.2
• Non-liquefied Compressed Gas
• Gaseous at 68F and charge pressure
• Liquefied Compressed Gas
• Gas which is partially liquid at 68F and
  charge pressure
• 2.3
• Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a
  hazard during transportation
• LC50 of 5,000 ml/m3 (ppm) or less
• Four hazard zones
• Examples methyl bromide, chlorine, hydrogen
  chloride, phosgene

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Class 3 Flammable Liquids

• Flammable Liquid
• Flash Point lt 141F
• Combustible Liquid
• 141F lt Flash Point lt 200F

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Class 4 4.1 Flammable Solids 4.2 Spontaneously
Combustible 4.3 Dangerous When Wet

• 4.1
• Wetted explosives
• Self-reactive materials
• Readily combustible solids
• 4.2
• Pyrophoric Materials (liquid or solid)
• if contact air, ignites in less than 5 minutes
• Self-heating Materials
• if contact air, self-heat
• Examples
• phosphorous, carbon black, charcoal, sodium
  borohydride
• 4.3
• When in contact with Water
• becomes spontaneously flammable
• gives off flammable gas
• gives off toxic gas
• Examples
• lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium carbide

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Class 5 Oxidizers 5.1 Oxidizers 5.2 Organic
Peroxides

• Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen,
  cause or enhance the combustion of other
  materials.

• 5.1 Oxidizers
• 5.2 Organic Peroxides

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Class 6 Toxic6.1 Poisons 6.2 Etiologics

• 6.1
• Toxic to humans
• Health hazard during transport
• Presumed toxic (based on animals)
• ORAL TOXICITY LD50 lt 500 mg/kg (l)
• LD50 lt 200 mg/kg (s)
• DERMAL TOXICITY LD50 lt 1,000 mg/kg
• VAPOR (and DUST) TOXICITY LC50 lt 10mg/L
• Examples
• phenol, nitrobenzene, hydrogen cyanide
• 6.2
• Infectious substance or etiologic
• Diagnostic specimens
• Biological products
• Regulated medical waste
• Examples ebola virus, hemorrhagic fever
  agents, hepatitis A B, botulism toxin

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Class 7 Radioactive

• Major Hazard Radioactive poisonous burns
• Definition Materials having a specific activity
  greater than 0.002 microcurie per gram.

RADIOACTIVE
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Class 8 Corrosive

• White top
• Black bottom
• Test tubes
• Hand and steel bar

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Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

• A material that presents a hazard during
  transport, but that is not included in another
  hazard class

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Mixed Load

• Applies to placarding only
• Required when 1001 lbs or more of material is
  transported and it is composed of 2 or more
  hazard categories.
• Replaces the specific placards for the
  individual classes.
• Exception is when one single class in a multiple
  class transport exceeds 5000 lbs, in which case
  the placard for the large load class must be
  displayed.

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Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)

• A material that presents a limited hazard during
  transportation due to its
• Form
• Quantity
• Packaging
• No placard

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Typical Container Shapes That May Indicate
Hazardous Materials
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Bags
Folded and Glued
Twisted and Tied
Stitched
Bottles
Glass
Protected
Plastic
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Boxes
Fiberboard
Wooden
Divided Fiberboard
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Non-bulk Packages

• Drums
• Construction Materials
• Fiberboard
• Metal
• Plastic
• Openings
• Open head, chime / bolt ring
• Tight or closed head, bung inspection holes

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Non-bulk Packages

• Carboys
• Glass or plastic bottle
• Enclosed in protective box
• Dewar
• Thermos/insulated
• Cryogenic liquids
• Bottles Cans
• Bottles, coated bottles
• Cans, Jerricans

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Radioactive Packaging

• Limit Quantity Packaging
• Strong Tight
• Type A
• Type B
• Special Form
• Industrial Radiography Sources

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Limited Quantity

• Very small surface exposure
• Normal industrial packaging
• Not typically labeled
• Examples include
• Luminous watch dials
• Smoke detectors
• Medical diagnostic kits

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Strong Tight

• Used for Low Specific Activity (LSA)
• Marked RADIOACTIVE LSA
• Essentially Type A containers

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Type A Packing

• Larger amounts of LSA
• Labeled RADIOACTIVE
• Normal transportation

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Type B Packaging

• Highly radioactive material
• Labeled as Type B and RADIOACTIVE
• Normal transportation conditions
• Accident conditions

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Bulk Containers

• Cargo Tanks
• MC 306 / DOT 406
• MC 307 / DOT 407
• MC 312 / DOT 412
• MC 331
• MC 338
• Bulk Handlers
• Tube Trailers

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MC 306(DOT 406)

• Large Oval Ends

Underbelly Outlets
Longitudinal rollover protection
Manhole assembly located on top
Pressures up to 4 psig
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MC 307(DOT 407)
Single Work Platform
Rounded Ends

• General Service Tank
• Poisons
• Mild corrosives
• Flammable combustible liquids
• Asphalt
• Non-hazardous materials

Single Outlet Piping
25 psig Working Pressure
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MC 307 / DOT 407
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MC 312(DOT 412)
Small DiameterCigar Shape
Rounded Ends
Exterior Stiffner Rings
5 - 25 psig Working Pressure

• Cargo
• Temp. Sensitive corrosives oxidizers
• Sulfuric acid, oleum, anhydrous HF

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MC 312 / DOT 412
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MC 331
Bolted Manway
Large Hemisphere Ends
Up to 11,500 gal
100 to 500 psig
Cage Around Piping

• Cargo
• Flammable compressed gases (propane)
• Liquefied petroleum gas
• Non-flammable compressed gas (anhydrous ammonia)

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MC 331
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MC 338
Ends Normally Flat
500 to 14,000 gal
Loading (Sometimes Located Here)
25.3 to 500 psig
Loading/Unloading Station at Rear

• Cargo
• Flammable / Non-flammable cryogenics
• Liquid nitrogen, natural gas, ethylene

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MC 338
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Dry Bulk Carriers
Compressor Unit
Pneumatically Unloaded
Large Sloping V Shaped Bottom
Up to 1500 cu. ft.

• Carry dry powders pellets

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Tube Trailer

• Flat bed trailer
• Horizontal DOT cylinders
• Pressures up to 5,000 psi
• Manifold located at rear
• Typical materials include
• helium, compressed air, methane, methylbromide,
  hydrogen

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Nonpressure or Pressure Intermodal

• Liquefied gases, pyrophorics, flammable liquids
• Toxic, Corrosive, Flammable Liquids
• Whiskey, Food, Alcohols, Solvents

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Cryogenic Intermodal
Carry Cryogenic Materials
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Tube Module
Compressed Gas
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Non-Pressure Tank Car

• Also called General Serviceor Low Pressure

No Expansion DomeVisible Fittings
Older cars have expansion domes
4,000 - 45,000 gallons
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Pressure Tank Car
Expansion DomeNo visible Fittings
4,000 - 45,000 gallons

• 100 to 600 psi

Flammable/nonflammable gases
Poison gases
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Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
Low Pressure Liquids (25 psig or
lower) Thermos Type, Tank in a Tank
Refrigerated to -155 F and below
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Fixed Site Tanks

• Non-pressure Facility Tanks lt 0.5 psi
• Low Pressure Facility Tanks 0.5 - 15 psi
• Pressure Facility Tanks Over 15 psi
• Cryogenic Facility Tanks

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Non-pressure Fixed

• Horizontal
• Cone Roof
• Floating Roof
• Lifter Roof
• Vapor Dome
• Geodesic Dome

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Low Pressure

• Horizontal
• Spherical
• Spheroid
• Noded Sphere

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Cryogenic Fixed

• Pressure Vessel
• May Have Heat Exchange Coils
• Cryogenic Materials (below -150F)

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Damaged, no product release
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Damaged, product release
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Damaged, product released
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SensesSmell, Touch and Taste

• Not used as primary detection method
• Never ignore your senses. If it smells, feels or
  tastes hazardous, it probably is!

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Check on Learning
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Check on Learning

• What are some clues used to identify the presence
  of hazardous materials during a site
  characterization?
• Information Resources
• Placards
• Labels
• UN ID Numbers
• NFPA 704
• HMIS
• HMIG
• Container Shapes
• Senses

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• IEP updates situation
• Any additional hazards
• Site picture
• Formulate/update plan
• Task/purpose to work parties
• Situational awareness
• Prioritize
• Mitigate hazards reduce risks
• Continually evaluate hazards thru monitoring
• Evaluate required PPE
• Continue to evaluate and reevaluate as work is
  accomplished

Monitoring Program
Site Control Program
PPE Selection
Site Safety Plan
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Site Accident
Preliminary Evaluation
Record search
Mission Complete
Monitoring Program
Site Control Program
Site Safety Plan
Hazard Identification
Work Plan
Hazard Mitigation
PPE Selection
Initial Site Entry Monitoring
ID Hazards/Risks
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Personnel

• Incident Commander
• Operations Officer
• Scientific advisor
• Safety officer
• Public information officer
• Security officer

• Recordkeeper
• Team Leaders
• Financial officer
• Logistics officer
• Medical officer

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Time
Unit
Brief plan
Modify plan and brief
Organize
Plan of action
OPS Science Safety IEP WPs DCN
Continue to collect data
Collect data
Input to plan
Collect data
Input to plan

• Builds safety plan
• Potential hazards
• PPE
• Security of site

RCN site

• Receive Msn
• Make Ten plan
• Task Org
• Est CP
• Set priorities
• Coordinate

Work

• Location
• Records
• Site personnel

SPT
SPT
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QUESTIONS?