Integrating quotations

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Integrating quotations

• Tips on how to integrate textual support smoothly
  into your own writing

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What works?

• INEFFECTIVE
• Rodriguez writes, My parents, who are no longer
  my parents in a cultural sense. He expresses the
  alienation from his family that has resulted from
  his assimilation into English-speaking American
  culture.

• EFFECTIVE
• Rodriguez describes his parents as no longer
  his parents in a cultural sense to express the
  alienation from his family that has resulted from
  his assimilation into English-speaking American
  culture.

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What Works? 2

• INEFFECTIVE
• de Crevecoeur argues that poor Europeans have no
  real attachment to their homelands. Can a wretch
  who wanders about, who works and starves, whose
  life is a continual scene of sore affliction or
  pinching penury can that man call England or any
  other kingdom his country?

• EFFECTIVE
• de Crevecoeur criticizes the lack of social
  mobility in Europe using a biting rhetorical
  question Can a wretch who wanders about, who
  works and starves, whose life is a continual
  scene of sore affliction or pinching penury can
  that man call England or any other kingdom his
  country?

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Options for Integrating Quotations 1
Incorporate

• Incorporate the quotation into your sentence,
  punctuating it as you would if it were not a
  quotation.
• Mukherjee argues in favor of an acculturation
  model that differs from both the enforced
  assimilation of a melting pot and the Canadian
  model of a multicultural mosaic(4).

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Options for Integrating Quotations 1
Incorporate 2

• If you must change an element within the quote to
  make it work grammatically, use brackets to
  indicate the change.
• Rodriguez describes his parents as no longer
  his parents in a cultural sense to express the
  alienation from his family that has resulted from
  his assimilation into English-speaking American
  culture.

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Options for Integrating Quotations 2 attribute

• Introduce a full-sentence quotation by using an
  attributive speech tag like he writes, she
  claims, and so on.
• Jacob Needleman claims, A dream is a vision or
  truth, of what can be and ought to be, and a
  dream is a deception.
• Elaine Pagels asks, Whom do we include in the
  American Dream?

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Options for Integrating Quotations a cautionary
note

• Do NOT use an attributive speech tag like he
  writes, she claims, she argues, he
  asserts, etc. to introduce a quote that is NOT a
  complete sentence.
• INCORRECT Rodriguez writes, My parents, who are
  no longer my parents in a cultural sense.
• ALSO INEFFECTIVE Rodriguez writes, My parents,
  who are no longer my parents in a cultural sense
  in order to express the loss of family intimacy.

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Options for Integrating Quotations cautionary
note 2

• Whats the problem with following a speech tag
  with a non-sentence quote?
• Speech verbs like say, assert, exclaim, ask, etc.
  take a full-sentence complement. They expect a
  full sentence to follow them.

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Options for Integrating Quotations cautionary
note 3

• Notice how ungrammatical and unfinished the
  following sentences sound
• Mukherjee says.
• The girl said, The grumpy man, who lives next
  door.

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Options for Integrating Quotations 3 Use a
sentence.

• Use a full sentence of your own to introduce a
  full sentence by the quoted author.
• You must use a colon to introduce the quotation
  in this case.
• Jacob Needleman says it best A dream is a
  vision or truth, of what can be and ought to be,
  and a dream is a deception.

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Options for Integrating Quotations Colon or
comma?

• Jacob Needleman says it best A dream is a
  vision or truth, of what can be and ought to be,
  and a dream is a deception.
• Underlined portion a complete sentence
  introduce quote with colon
• Jacob Needleman says, A dream is a vision or
  truth, of what can be and ought to be, and a
  dream is a deception.
• Underlined portion a fragment introduce quote
  with comma

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Punctuation Rules The Basics

• Capitalize the first letter of any complete
  sentence you quote unless you introduce it with
  that.
• In describing the New World, de Crevecoeur
  claimed, The rich and the poor are not so far
  removed from each other as they are in Europe
  (1).
• de Crevecoeur claimed that the rich and the
  poor are not so far removed from each other as
  they are in Europe (1).
• de Crevecoeur claimed that the rich and the
  poor are not so far removed from each other as
  they are in Europe (1).

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Punctuation Rules The Basics, 2

• If the quotation is broken into two parts, do not
  capitalize the first letter of the second part.
• Our team is bound to win," said Coach Glass,
  "because UHS students are excellent Ultimate
  Frisbee players."

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Punctuation Rules Commas and Periods

• Commas and periods go within closing quotation
  marks, EXCEPT when a parenthetical reference
  follows the quotation.
• Jacob Needleman said, A dream is a vision or
  truth, of what can be and ought to be, and a
  dream is a deception.
• In her essay, Dr. Linguist notes, "The gestures
  used for greeting others differ greatly from one
  culture to another (3).

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Punctuation Rules Colons and Semi-Colons

• When colons and semi-colons are not part of the
  quotation, put them outside of the closing
  quotation marks.
• At the English Department meeting, Ms. Balzer
  voiced her opinion on the rules for integrating
  quotations Theyre not intuitive, but they are
  very important" several other teachers agreed.

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Punctuation Rules Question Marks, Exclamation
Points, and Dashes

• If a question mark, exclamation point, or dash is
  part of the original quotation, place it within
  the closing quotation mark.
• Elaine Pagels asks, Whom do we include in the
  American Dream ? (5).

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Punctuation Rules Question Marks, Exclamation
Points, and Dashes

• If a question mark, exclamation point, or dash is
  part of your sentence that includes the
  quotation, place it outside of the closing
  quotation mark.  
• Do other columnists agree with David Brooks
  claim that maximum status goes to the
  Gladwellian heroes who occupy the convergence
  points of the Internet ecosystem (2)?

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Block Quotes 4 Lines

• Use block quotes sparingly, if at all.
• The more your quote, the more you must explain!
• If you really must use a block quote, remember
  these guidelines

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Block Quotes Usage Rules

• Begin quote as a new line of text.
• Indent 1 from left margin.
• No quotation marks
• Parenthetical citation goes outside final
  punctuation within quote.

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Block Quotes Example

• In his poem The Problem," Ralph Waldo Emerson
  explores the inner philosophical struggle of a
  religious yet unorthodox man
• I like a churchI like a cowl
• I love a prophet of the soul
• And on my heart monastic aisles
• Fall like sweet strains, or pensive smiles
• Yet not for all his faith can see
• Would I that cowlëd churchman be. (1-7)

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Integrating quotations fin!

• Time to practice