Classification of Matter

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Classification of Matter
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What is matter?

• Anything that occupies space and has mass

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What is matter made of?

• Substances matter that is an element or a
  compound
• So how do we classify matter
• - By the materials matter is made up of
• - 4 states of matter

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Example

• How would you classify a
• pencil?
• - Wood
• - Graphite
• - Eraser
• Break it down to the to its simpler parts!!!!

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Elements

• The unit that makes up all matter are atoms
• If all atoms of the sample of matter have the
  same identity they are called elements (see
  periodic table of elements)
• Example Oxygen

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Compounds

• What happens when two or more elements come
  together?
• They form a Compound
• Example H20
• H is an element, O is an element, together they
  form the compound water

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How about table salt?

• Table salt is a compound
• NaCl
• Na is an element, Cl is an element
• Together they form a compound

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Mixtures

• What happens if you combine salt and water?
• When you combine two or more substances that can
  be separated by physical means you have a
  mixture!
• Salt can be separated from water by evaporation!!!

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Back to the pencil!

• The pencil is a MIXTURE
• Wood (compound)
• graphite (element)
• Eraser (compound)

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Solutions

• Salt water mixture
• Can you see the salt in the water?
• No
• Homogenous Mixture
• A material in which two or more substances are
  spread out evenly and cannot settle out when
  standing
• Homogenous mixture Solution

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Heterogenous Mixtures

• A mixture in which different parts can be easily
  distinguished
• Example Pencil, Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich

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Categories of Heterogenous Mixtures

• Colloids Heterogenous mixture that never
  settles
• Example Milk
• How can you tell its a colloid?
• By the Tyndall Effect
• The scattering of light by the particles in the
  mixture

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Suspension

• Some mixtures are neither solutions nor colloids
• They are known as a suspension
• Is a heterogenous mixture containing a liquid in
  which visible particles settle out when standing
• A muddy river
• How is this different from a solution or colloid?
• - Particles carried in suspension will settle
  out