Title: Ethiopia Lectures Examples
1Ethiopia Lectures Examples
- Moldboard plow
- Threshing technology
- Hay quality quantity
- Extension Low acceptance
2Design ProcessExpectation?
- How long will a cycle take?
- What are your expectations?
- How to successfully implement and when to move to
the next steps. - Dont shortcut the process
3Example 1
4Design ProcessProblem Identification
- The moldboard plow has been effective in Ethiopia
condition to reduce weeds, increase capacity,
depth, penetration but there is poor acceptance
due to plow weight, draft requirements and issues
of furrow formation
5Design Process
6Project Definition and Description
- Design Topic specific topic which is
descriptive of this project - Design Purpose describe the engineering
problem, with current products or problems
explained - Moldboard Plow - poor acceptance due to plow
weight, draft requirements and issues of furrow
formation
7Project Definition and Description
- Define the functional requirements/ constraints
of the process, device and/or system. The
functional requirements or specifications
(deliverables) define what the system will do and
how well it must do it. Design constraints
determined for the project. - Capacity X ha/hr (or ha/yr)
- Weight X kg
- Single animal plow X N (Ethiopian Res - 600 N)
- Traffic strategy
- Design Challenge - What specifically is new about
what is being proposed? Lightweight, powered by
single animal, traffic pattern
8Project Definition and Description
- Does a solution currently exist?
- What research has be performed to determine this
solution? If yes, describe. From the field
results give some trends or details - Describe any part of the project that cannot be
clearly defined.
9Design ProcessGathering Data
- Gathering data
- Historical experience
- New ideas trade show
- Farmer ideas advisory group
- Experts all creative persons enjoy a challenge
- Web/Books/Factsheets
- Other disciples automotive/electronics
10Design ProcessGathering Data
- What is available?
- What other power sources?
- Substitute materials
- What do others use?
- Traffic pattern same for any size? What about
reversible plow ideas?
11Design ProcessCreating Ideas
- The Art of Engineering
- Creativity (step beyond the existing solution)
- Experience history (learned?)
- Out sourcing (JD, Amish)
- Farmer input (if shown exists, comments)
- Consultants (Kushwaha, Perumpral)
- Looking for a large set of concepts to pull from
- How many? At least 3-5 concepts
12Design ProcessPrepare Models
- Potential Sketches
- Developing Models (small)
- Prototypes (full scale)
- Using competitors systems
- Analytical tools for kinemics dynamics of soil
movement over tools surfaces (for good concepts)
13Design ProcessPrepare Models
- Modeling Factors
- Speed (0.5 m/s)
- Draft limits (600 N)
- Width
- Depth
- Moldboard shape (surface area)
- Soil conditions soil bulk density, shear
strength - Soil movement inversion (weed control)
- Draft requirements
- Construction process?
- Adapt existing shaft?
- Cost?
- Acceptance?
- Other factors?
14Design ProcessEvaluation
- Analyze options
- Develop decision matrix
- Select best option for full experimentation
- What are the most important criteria for testing?
- What will set your design apart from
state-of-the-art?
15Design ProcessExperimentation
- What are the basic variables
- Change of bulk density
- Work, Energy/Area
- Draft (speed, depth, width)
- Yield?
- What are the co-variants
- Crop management history
- Soil types
- Moisture content
- Timing
16Design ProcessRepeat?
- What did the experiments tell you
- What new obstacles need to overcome
- Select a new concept?
17Design ProcessScientific Comparison
- Compare to state-of-the-art conventional plow
- Controlled conditions
- Soil
- Speed, depth, width
- Design of Experiment RBD
- Null Hypothesis new concept is same as
conventional method - Measurements?
18Design ProcessMarketing
- Compare to state-of-the-art conventional plow
- Pictures and video of experiment
- Highlight results
- Field demonstration
- Marketing evaluation
- Have some farmers use
- Brochures discussing merit