????(Milgram)

1
?????
(????)
2
???????

• 1998 ??????????????
• ????????
• ??????????????
• ????????

3
????(Milgram)

• 1960 ???? ???? ????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????,????????
• ????????????,????????,?????
• Six degrees of separation (????)
• ????,???????????

4
????
5
(No Transcript)
6
???????

• ????????
• ?????? Frost/ Nixon (2008)
• ???? The Air I Breathe (2007)
• ???? Death Sentence (2007)
• ??????? Rails Ties (2007)
• ???? Where the Truth Lies (2005)
• ???? Mystic River (2003)
• ???? Trapped (2002)
• ???? My Dog Skip (2000)
• ??? Hollow Man (2000)
• ???? Stir of Echoes (1999)

7
???????

• ?????????? 2.896
• ?????????????
• ??????????? 6
• ???

Elisabeth Shue
8
???
9
?????????

• ??? ?? Brendan Fraser
• ???? ??? Kristen Stewart   

???? Twilight 2010
??? Inkheart 2008
???? ??? Kristen Stewart   
??? ?? Brendan Fraser
10
The Oracle of Bacon
11
Brendan Fraser to Kristen Stewart   
12
?????????

• ??? ??? Amanda Seyfried    
• ??? ?? Brendan Fraser

?????? Dear John 2010
??? Inkheart 2008
??? ?? Brendan Fraser
??? ??? Amanda Seyfried    
13
Brendan Fraser to Amanda Seyfried
14
?????????

• ??? ?? Stephen Dorff
• ??? ?? Brendan Fraser  

???? Public Enemies 2009
??? Inkheart 2008
??? ?? Brendan Fraser
??? ?? Stephen Dorff
15
Stephen Dorff to Brendan Fraser  
16
?????????

• ?? ?? ??? Sarah Jessica Parker
• ?? ?? Matt Damon

????2 Sex and The City 2 2010     
???? The Bourne Ultimatum 2007
17
Sarah Jessica Parker to Matt Damon
18
??

• ???????????????????
• Michelle Rodriguez ??? ???? ??? Avatar (2009)
• Jason Lee ?? ? ??? Alvin and The Chipmunks (2007)
• Sanaa Lathan ?? ?? ???? Alien Vs. Predator
  (2004)
• Dennis Quaid ????? ???? The Day After Tomorrow
  (2004)
• Emmanuelle Seigner ??? ??? ?????? Diving Bell
  And Butterfly (2007)
• Anne Hathaway ? ??? ??Prada??? The Devil Wears
  Prada (2006)
• Maggie Q ????4 Die Hard 4 (2007)
• Audrey Tautou ??? ?? ????? Da Vinci Code (2006)
• Michelle Pfeiffer ??? ?? ??????? (2009)
• Dennis Franz ??? ??? X?? City of Angels (1998)

19

• Michelle Rodriguez to Sanaa Lathan
• Jason Lee to Dennis Quaid
• Emmanuelle Seigner to Sanaa Lathan
• Anne Hathaway to Maggie Q
• Audrey Tautou to Dennis Quaid
• Michelle Pfeiffer to Dennis Franz
• Michelle Pfeiffer to Jason Lee
• Audrey Tautou to Sanaa Lathan
• Michelle Rodriguez to Anne Hathaway
• Audrey Tautou to Sanaa Lathan
• 
  Average

20
Oracle of Baseball
21
Small world experiment

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_world_phenomeno
  n

22
19501960 ??????

• ?????????
• ???????????? 5?6
• ???
• ????????????????

23
???????
Mary
Nancy
Eve
Jake
Bill
Sue
Joe
24
??????

• ???????????????
• 98/12258 (????)
• ???????????
• ??????? 2
• ????????????????????? ?? 24 !!

25

• ???????????

??? 1
??? 2
??? 3
???6???? ?
26
????

• ??????????????????????????????

27
1973 ?????

• ??????-???????????????????(??)
• ??
• 
  ?

28
?????????

• ??????
• 16????????????????,
• 84????????????????????
• ???????????
• ??????

29
Watts and Strogatz

• 1998 ???????
• ??????????????
• ???????????,?????
• ?????????????????,????????????
• ???1000? ?????10???????

30
???2/3 ???50
31
???
???
???
P 0
?????
P 1
32
???????????

• 1998?,?????Duncan J. Watts???????Steven
  Strogatz???????????????????,?????????????,????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????

33
Visualizing Friendships
34
Visualizing Friendships

• Facebook?1????,????????????????????5???????,???1??
  ????
• ????????????????,??????????,????????????????????
• ????????????????(PaulButler)???????????,?????????
  ??????????????
• ??????1???,??????????????

35
facebook puts six degree of separation theory to
the test

• Group Info Name Six Degrees of Separation
• The small world phenomenon (also known as the
  small world effect) is the hypothesis that
  everyone in the world can be reached through a
  short chain of social acquaintances. The concept
  gave rise to the famous phrase six degrees of
  separation after a 1967 small world experiment by
  social psychologist Stanley Milgram which
  suggested that two random US citizens were
  connected on average by a chain of six
  acquaintances. That is, a friend of a friend of a
  friend of a friend of a friend knows the
  president of the United States, or the Queen of
  the Netherlands, or the president of France or
  Osama and so on

36
(No Transcript)
37
Ryan
38
(No Transcript)
39

• Randomized Connections to members of group
• RYAN DOSETAREH1. Adam Klien2. Jeremy
  Adler3. Josh Twersky4. Rachel SaksLAUREL
  CONDON
• RYAN DOSETAREH1.Brandon White2.
  Christina Carmen Chiknas3. Sarah Steiner4.
  Jennifer Forsthoefel5. Pippa Simmons6. Jake
  ArmstrongCAELEIGH BROHM
• RYAN DOSETAREH1.Ben Perlow2.Lauren
  Bowles3.Brett Clark's4.Kendrick Brinson5.Annie
  Agnone6.Katie MercerAMANDA FORTIER
• RYAN DOSETAREH1. Aaron Wersing2.
  Michelle Ahoobim3. Jordan Gimelstein4. Faye
  Elizabeth MaimanCAITLIN PRINCE
• RYAN DOSETAREH1. Darren Tobin2. Robin
  Goodman3. Lauren Kuncewitch
• 4. Matt Cardona5. Eric KingBRIAN
  LOMASKY
• RYAN DOSETAREH1. Jonathan Freinkel2.
  David Blane3. Ashley Gross'RYAN MCGETTIGAN

Average Degree of Separation 4.67 I will redo
this once the group reaches 400,000.
40

• At 400kRYAN DOSETAREH1. Peter Rivner2. Aaron
  Kooden3. Samantha Weinberg4. Dave
  ArnoldANTHONY MANNA (UWO London)RYAN
  DOSETAREH1. Daveed Lift2. Sarah Fishman3.
  Austin Cabot4. Chintan PatelAARON ESPOSITO
  (Indiana Bloomington, IN)RYAN DOSETARH1. Ari
  Levine2. Danielle Alexandra Abelson'sCHAD
  MURRAY Greeley, CO)RYAN DOSETAREH1. Hooman
  Nourparvar2. Michael GoldinALEX TELLECHEA
  (Auburn University, AL)RYAN DOSETAREH1. Alina
  Birger2. Taylor Popp3. Ainslee Marsden4.
  Farrah Fraser5. Andrew Fraser6. Casimar
  Fraser7. Tiffany BrunkePATRICK LeBLANC
  (Algonquin Colllege Ottawa)RYAN DOSETAREH1.
  Carlie Stein2. Patricia Dampf3. Julie
  Schwarz4. Molly Garner5. Lauren Anne
  DixonREBECCA DONKER (Syracuse, NY)

Average Degree of Separation 4.0
41
Six Degrees Mission GAME
42
Sciscape????Jul 10, 2000

• ?????????????????
• ??rogers
• ???????????????????????(power
  law),??????????????????, ????????????????????.
  ???????????????, ????, ????????, ?????????, ????.
  ?????? Self organized criticality ?edge of chaos
  ?????????.
• ???? Jean Carlson ?????? John Doyle ??
  highly optimized tolerance ??, ????,
  ?????????????????, ?????????????,
  ??????????????????? (????), ??????????????????????
  ????, ????, ????????????????, ??,
  ???????????????????????????. ?????????,
  ?????????????, ??????. ???????, ????????????, ??,
  ???????, ??????????????????????, ????? , ??????,
  ?????. ????????????????. ????????????? highly
  optimized tolerance ??, ?????????, ?????????????
  "??, ?????" ???. ???????????????????????????,
  ?????????.
• ???? J. M. Carlson and John Doyle,
  Highly Optimized Tolerance Robustness and Design
  in Complex Systems, Physical Review Letters --
  March 13, 2000 -- Volume 84, Issue 11, pp.
  2529-2532

43
Sciscape????Aug 28, 2005

• ??????????????
• ??HCC
• ??????????????,??????hub???????????????????
  ?(node)??,?????????(small-world
  networks)?????(critical thresholds)?
• 1998?,?????Duncan J. Watts???????Steven
  Strogatz???????????????????,?????????????,????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????,?????????????????hubs????,????
  ????????????,????????hubs?????????????????????????
  ?????????,????????hubs???,??????hubs??????????
  ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ?,?????????????????????? ?????????Joseph
  Indekeu?????????,??????????????(critical
  thresholds),?????hub???????,??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????hub???,??????????????????????
  ??,???????????????,??????????????,????hub?????????
  ???Joseph Indekeu???????,????????????hub????????,J
  oseph Indekeu??????????????????????????
  ???SARS?????????,????????,????Joseph
  Indekeu????????
• --????
• Physics News Update Networking Can Be
  Critical, Literally

44
Sciscape????Dec 18, 2000

• ?????????
• ??John C. H. Chen
• ???????????????????????????99???????,??????
  ??????????????????????(percolation
  theory)?????????????????????????????k,????????????
  ??????k(-a)???????"??????????"(scale free power
  law distribution)?????????????????????????????????
  ?,????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  Cohen et al, Phys. Rev. Lett, 20 Nov,
  2000Callaway et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. to be
  publish
• --????
• Physics News Update 513-1, The Internet is
  Surprisingly Robust

45
Sciscape????Apr 09, 2001

• ?????????????????
• ??HCC
• ??????????????????????????????????????,????
  ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ???????
• ???Politecnica de Catalunya??????? Pastor
  Satorrass??????????????????????????????????,??????
  ?????????????????,??????????????????????(scale-fr
  ee)?????,??????????????????,????????????????,?????
  ?????? ??????????????????,??????????????,?????????
  ???????????,????????,??????????????,?????(random)
  ??????????,????????,???????????????????,??????????
  ??????????????????? ???????????,???????????,??????
  ????????,??????????????????????,??????????????????
  ????,???????????????,?????????????????????????,???
  ??????????,??????????????? ???? Romualdo
  Pastor-Satorras and Alessandro Vespignani,
  Epidemic Spreading in Scale-Free Networks,
  Physical Review Letters, pp. 3200-3203, Vol. 86,
  April 2, 2001. --????
• Nature Science Update Networking can be
  hazardous
• Physical Review Focus Internet Plagues
  Spread Rapidly

46
Sciscape????Sep 13, 2004

• ?????????,????????
• ??Chiachen Chang
• ?????????????????,????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????
  ??
• ???????????,?????????????????????,????????
  ? k,?????????????????????k-a?????,???????????????
  ?????????????????(random failure)???,?????????????
  ???????????????????????????????(????????)????,????
  ???????????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ????????,?? Ohio ???????(??)??,???????????????????
  ???????,??????????????????????????? ???? Max
  Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex
  systems ???? Adilson Motter ????????(Physical
  Review Letters)???????????,???????????????????????
  ,Motter ???????????????????????????????????,?????
  ????????????,???????????????? ????????????????????
  ????????Motter ??????????????????????????????????
  ???,????????????????????(channel)??????????,??????
  ?,????????????????????????,??????????????????Motte
  r ?????????????????????????,???????????????????,??
  ???????????????? Motter ??????????????????????,???
  ?????????????????? Motter ??????????????,?????????
  ????????????????,Motter ????????????????,??Motter
  ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ????
• Cascade Control and Defense in Complex
  Networks
• A. E. Motter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,
  098701 (2004)
• --????
• Physics News Update Defending Networks
  Against Cascading Failure
• Removing Nodes in a Network Can Protect
  Against Cascading Failures, Physics Today,
  September 2004, P.22.

47
???

• ???????????
• ?????????????????
• 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
  1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
• 0 1 0 1
  1 0 1 0
• ???1 ???0??????

48
???

• 3. ?????,?????????(Watts)?????(Strogatz)?????
  ?????,??????????????,???????????????????,?????????
  ??????????,????(Faloutsos)?????????(Internet),????
  (Barabási)???????????????????,?????????????????Bar
  abasi??????????????????
• 4. ????????????????????????
• 5. ???????,??????????????????????????
• 6. 2001??????????????????????????????,??????
  ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ?????????????,???????????????,????????????????????
  ????????????????

49
????Six Degress of Separation

• Six Degress of Separation Ron Paul Marc Jacobs
• OK I thought it would be fun to play 6 degrees
  of Separation!  This is a game that became a
  spin-off with the 80s trivia time blower, Six
  Degrees of Kevin Bacon. You know, the test of the
  truly small world, where you pick any famous
  person and you have to connect them to Kevin
  Bacon in film roles in 6 degrees or less.
• But, this is a luxe bag blog, so instead of Kevin
  Bacon, Ill be connecting to Marc Jacobs in honor
  of his wildly successful collaboration with Louis
  Vuitton, and his engenius insight to bring
  Takashi Murakami into the mix, which has just
  been celebrated like mad this week in the
  _at_Murakami grand opening exhibit this week at MOCA
  in LA.
• I wanted to pick someone who I could think of
  absolutely no similarities or connections with
  Marc.  I thought it would be timely to do some of
  the 2008 Presidential Candidates, as I figured
  all but H.R.C (who may just  be a close and
  personal friend, since MJ did a bunch of cool
  promo pieces for her recently) probably fall into
  this catagory!
• As a nod to the amazing grassroots effort and
  insane but creative marketing methods put forth
  by the Ron Paul campaign- I thought Id start
  there. I also thought it would be fun to see if I
  get any of those zainy Ron Paul rEVOLution
  postings on my blog as a result! Everyone else
  seems to be shy about commenting so I thought
  Id see if this would bring some comments out of
  the woodwork!!!
• I wont be using film roles for my connections,
  but just any pictures of two people together!!!

50
Ron Paul
?????????
2008 Ron Paul Sarah Palin
51
Marc Jacobs
???????
?????????
52
Six Degrees of Marc JacobsRon Paul
Ron Paul
Here we have Ron Paul Ronald Reagan on Airforce
One in 1976.
Then of course you have Ronald Reagan and Steven
Spielberg after the ET showing in the White House.
53
Steven Spielberg directed Drew Barrymore in ET.
Why does it always make me kind of sad to see
pictures of her as a little girl?
Drew Barrymore not only starred with Luke Wilson
in Home Fries, but they had a little thing going
on for a while.
54
Luke Wilson played alongside Reese Witherspoon in
the Legally Blonde movies
Marc Jacobs
Reese is a big fan of MJs. Here she is at Kate
Hudsons Halloween party Saturday night. After
seeing the MJ tutu pics, the cheerleading costume
is pretty much par for the course.
55
????

• ??1
• ??2